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CARDIO > Clotting > Flashcards

Clotting Flashcards

1
Q

Where are coagulation proteins produced?

A

Liver

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2
Q

What is vit K essential for?

A

Synthesis of coagulation factors 10, 9, 7, 2 (1972)

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3
Q

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

A

Albumin (produced in the liver)

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4
Q

What is albumin important? (2)

A

Maintains oncotic pressure

Transports large/hydrophobic molecules

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5
Q

What are immunoglobulins?

A

Antibodies produced by plasma cells

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6
Q

Which Ig is the most abundant in circulation?

A

IgG (OG)

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7
Q

Which Ig is present on mucosal surfaces?

A

IgA (present in secretions)

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8
Q

Which Ig is first produced in infection?

A

IgM (mother)

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9
Q

What is the starting point of the intrinsic clotting pathway?

A

Exposed collagen fibres activate factor 12

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10
Q

What is the starting point of the extrinsic clotting pathway?

A

Exposed tissue factor activating factor 7

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11
Q

What does activated factor 7 do?

A

Activates factors 9 and 10

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12
Q

What does activated factor 12 do?

A

Activates factor 11

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13
Q

What does activated factor 9 do?

A

In combination w/ factor 8 and Ca2+, activates factor 10

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14
Q

What does activated factor 10 do?

A

In combination w/ factor 5 and Ca2+, activates factor 2

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15
Q

What is factor 2?

A

Prothrombin

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16
Q

What does thrombin (factor 2a) do?

A

Activates platelets
Activates factors 13, 11, 8 and 5
Cleaves (soluble) fibrinogen into (insoluble) fibrin

17
Q

What enables platelet binding to exposed collagen?

A

von Willebrand factor (vWF)

18
Q

What causes platelet activation?

A

Thrombin

19
Q

What is meant by platelet activation? (2)

A 
Shape change: smooth discoid --> spiculated w/ pseudopodia (increases SA)
Expression of (fibrinogen) surface receptors
20
Q

What causes platelet aggregation?

A

Fibrinogen joins platelets via their GP2b/3a receptors

21
Q

Name the steps from initial damage to clot formation (5)

A
  1. Damage
  2. Platelet adhesion
  3. Platelet amplification
  4. Platelet activation
  5. Platelet aggregation
22
Q

What prevents the platelet plug from expanding away from site of damage?

A

Prostaglandin I2

Nitric oxide

23
Q

What inhibits platelet aggregation?

A

Prostaglandin I2

24
Q

What inhibits platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation?

A

Nitric oxide

25
Q

What are vasodilators?

A

Prostaglandin I2

Nitric oxide

26
Q

What causes vasoconstriction?

A

Endothelin-1
Neural control
Thromboxane A2

27
Q

What is secreted by platelets that stimulates platelet aggregation?

A

Thromboxane A2

28
Q

Name the 3 proteins that limit clot formation

A
  • Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
  • Protein C
  • Antithrombin 3
29
Q

How is a clot dissolved after it’s formed?

A

Plasminogen –> plasmin (via plasminogen activators)

Fibrin –> soluble fibrin fragments (via plasmin)

CARDIO (3 decks)

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