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Mock Questions - Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise Fitness and Health > Closer to test - test > Flashcards

Closer to test - test Flashcards

1
Q

What condition would benefit from increased bone density associated with regular physical activity?

A

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a health condition that weakens bones

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2
Q

How many vertebrae form the lumbar spine?

A 
5
Lumbar (low back) - the main function of the lumbar spine is to bear the weight of the body.
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3
Q

What role does the stomach play in digestion?

A

Breaks down food by releasing enzymes
The stomach is a hollow organ, or “container,” that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes. These enzymes continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form.

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4
Q

what type of activity are individuals with an ectomorphic body type well-suited to?

A

Long distance running

Ectomorphs are long and lean, with little body fat, and little muscle.

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5
Q

What is a long-term benefit of regular strength training?

A

Increased size of fast twitch muscle fibres

“Twitch” refers to the contraction, or how quickly and often the muscle moves.

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6
Q

What is the role of adenosine triphosphate?

A 
Broken down to create energy for the body
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
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7
Q

Which component of fitness is defined as ‘full potential joint range of motion’?

A

Flexibility

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8
Q

Which energy system uses fat and carbohydrate as fuel in the presence of oxygen?

A

Aerobic

Aerobic System – This system uses carbohydrates (glucose/glycogen) and fats to replenish ATP

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9
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue surrounding the whole muscle?

A

Epimysium - a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.

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10
Q

Which muscle is the prime mover during horizontal flexion of the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major

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11
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood under low-moderate pressure?

A

The veins

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

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12
Q

Which joint action occurs when the spine bends sideways?

A

Lateral flexion
Movement of a body part to the side is called lateral flexion. This type of movement is commonly associated with the neck and spine.

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13
Q

What is the name of the air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs?

A

Alveoli
The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.

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14
Q

What joint action occurs when the quadriceps contract eccentrically?

A

Knee flexion
Flexion – bending a joint. This occurs when the angle of a joint decreases. For example, the elbow flexes when performing a biceps curl. The knee flexes in preparation for kicking a ball. Extension – straightening a joint.

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15
Q

What activity would mesomorphs be most likely to excel at?

A

Gymnastics

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16
Q

Which muscle is located at the anterior upper arm?

A

Biceps

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17
Q

What is a long-term respiratory adaptation to low-moderate cardiovascular training?

A

Increased aerobic capacity

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18
Q

Which of the following is a function of the heart?

A

Pump nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues.
It’s the muscle at the centre of your circulation system, pumping blood around your body as your heart beats. This blood sends oxygen and nutrients to all parts of your body, and carries away unwanted carbon dioxide and waste products.

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19
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

To remove carbon dioxide from the body.
The lungs absorb oxygen from the air you breathe in and transfer it into your bloodstream so that it can get to every part of your body. As the cells in your body work, they produce a waste gas called carbon dioxide that is released into the bloodstream. Your lungs get rid of this waste gas when you breathe out.

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20
Q

What is a characteristic of involuntary muscle?

A

It is smooth
Involuntary muscles include smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.
Involuntary muscles are the ones that do not move or contract under the conscious control of a person, i.e., these muscles work automatically.

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21
Q

Why is maintaining adequate hydration levels important in digestion?

A

Helps to facilitate the passing of waste

22
Q

What is a long-term benefit of exercise on the skeletal system?

A

Increased joint stability

23
Q

Which of the following bones form part of the axial skeleton?

A

Ribs

24
Q

What are myosin and actin?

A

Myofilaments
Myofilaments are the two protein filaments of myofibrils in muscle cells. The two proteins are myosin and actin and are the contractile proteins involved in muscle contraction.

25
Q

How long does it take for food to work its way through the small intestine?

A

1-5 hours
The small intestine breaks down food from the stomach and absorbs much of the nutrients from the food.
Food can spend between 2 to 6 hours in your small intestine.

26
Q

Which blood vessel(s) carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins
The lung veins sometimes referred to as the pulmonary veins, are blood vessels that transfer freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria of the heart.

27
Q

Where is the heart positioned?

A

Posterior to the sternum and just left of centre

28
Q

What is a characteristic of fast twitch muscle fibres?

A

White in colour
Fast-twitch muscle fibers provide bigger and more powerful forces, but for shorter durations and fatigue quickly. They are more anaerobic with less blood supply, hence they are sometimes referred to as white fibers or type II.

29
Q

How does fibre support the gut during digestion?

A

Ensures the speedy passing of waste

30
Q

Which muscle crosses the posterior knee joint?

A

Gastrocnemius

31
Q

Which principle of fitness incorporates ‘working the body harder than it is used to’?

A

Overload

32
Q

What is a component of total fitness?

A

Physical fitness
The 5 components that make up total fitness are: Cardiovascular Endurance. Muscular Strength. Muscular endurance. Flexibility.

33
Q

What is the name of the structure that attaches bone to bone across a synovial joint?

A

Ligament
Ligaments are bands of tough elastic tissue around your joints. They connect bone to bone, give your joints support, and limit their movement.

34
Q

What is the hollow tube running through the centre of a long bone called?

A

Medullary cavity

The medullary cavity is the hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow.

35
Q

What type of synovial joint is the shoulder joint?

A

Ball and socket

36
Q

Which programme variable is determined by prescribing the load in a resistance training session?

A

Intensity

37
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?

A

Relaxes and moves upwards

38
Q

What is the name given to the muscle that relaxes when the prime mover contracts?

A

The antagonist
The muscle that is contracting is called the agonist and the muscle that is relaxing or lengthening is called the antagonist.

39
Q

What is an absolute contraindication to exercise for a prenatal client?

A

Pregnancy induced hypertension

Prenatal care is the health care you get while you are pregnant.

40
Q

What training, if performed long-term, is most likely to increase capillarisation?

A

Endurance
Increased capillarisation is the formation of an increase in capillaries that surround a muscle. Capillaries are small blood vessels located within the body’s tissues that help to transfer blood to and from the muscles. An increase in capillaries results in an increase in blood flow to the muscles.

41
Q

Which type of bone is the scapula?

A

Flat Bone

42
Q

What is an immediate response to aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular system?

A

Increased systolic blood pressure

43
Q

What will stretching the upper trapezius and strengthening the rhomboids help to improve?

A

Hyperkyphosis - is an increasingly common condition, in which the body assumes a “head forward” posture.

44
Q

Where does blood flow to after leaving the right atrium?

A

Right ventricle

45
Q

What is a medical condition, commonly caused by low physical activity levels?

A

Coronary heart disease

heart disease, type 2 diabetes, some kinds of cancer, and obesity

46
Q

How would a blood pressure reading of 132/86 be classified?

A

Pre hypertension
Prehypertension is defined as a systolic pressure from 120–139 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or a diastolic pressure from 80–89 mm Hg.

47
Q

What is name of the muscles located at the buttocks?

A

Gluteus maximus

48
Q

Which enzyme supports the breakdown of fat?

A

Lipase

Lipase is an enzyme primarily produced by the pancreas to help digest dietary fats.

49
Q

Which range of motion occurs at a synovial hinge joint?

A

Flexion and extension

50
Q

How many phosphate molecules are left after ATP is converted to ADP?

A

2
If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP

Mock Questions - Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise Fitness and Health (7 decks)

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