Cloning and Biotechnology - Cloning in Plants Flashcards
1
Q
What is cloning?
A
Process of producing **GENETICALLY IDENTICAL **offspring from cells of EXISTING plant
2
Q
What is vegetative propagation?
A
Production of PLANT clones from **NON-REPRODUCTIVE **tissues
3
Q
Give two examples of **non-reproductive tissues **
A
ROOTS and STEMS
4
Q
Who uses vegetative propagation?
A
FARMERS in horticulture
5
Q
What is the main method farmers use?
A
Cuttings
6
Q
Process of taking cuttings
A
- Short section of STEM taken
- Plant stem in POT containing GROWTH MEDIUM
- Dip with **ROOTING POWER **encouraging GROWTH of roots
- PLANT roots somewhere else
7
Q
What is tissue culture?
A
Production of MANY genetically identical offspring from one parent plant using TISSUE culture techniques
8
Q
Process of tissue culture
A
- CELLS are taken from PARENT plant
- Cells STERILISED in growth medium killing MICROORGANISMS
- Cells placed on CULTURE medium containing plant NUTRIENTS and growth HORMONE
- Cells PLANTED in SOIL once DIVIDED and GROWN
9
Q
When is tissue culture used?
A
When plants ENDANGERED or RARE
10
Q
What are two advantages of tissue culture?
A
- Produces LOTS of plants QUICKLY compared to time they would grow as SEEDS
- DESIRABLE characteristics ALWAYS passed onto offspring
11
Q
What are two disadvantages of tissue culture?
A
- CLONED offspring have NO genetic variability so SINGLE disease could KILL them all
- Requires SKILLED workers and HIGH cost
