CLOA SAQs & Studies

Question 1

Multi-Store Memory Model

Answer 1

• memory research –> storage + processing
• faces same challenges as other cog research –> not possible to observe in action
• inferred from participant responses
• MSM = storage of info
• info flows through 3 main stores/stages, each w/ dif capacity + duration
• sensory, STM, LTM
• LTM –> explicit (episodic, semantic) & implicit (unconscious e.g. procedural)

Glanzer & Cunitz (1966)

Question 2

Glanzer & Cunitz

Answer 2

• investigates MSM esp recency effect
• testing hypothesis that there 2 distinct storage mechanisms: STM & LTM
• 46 enlisted men in US army
• repeated measures design
• shown list of 15 monosyllabic nouns, reach each aloud
• 3 exp. conditions
• 1st: recall immediately after end of lost
• 2nd & 3rd: recall after 10 or 30 sec delay
• CONCLUSION: recency effect produced by STM
• 10 & 30 sec delay enough for words to be displaced from STM
• info unable to transferred to LTM due to lack of rehearsal

Question 3

Schema Theory 1.

Answer 3

• how human behaviour affected by how we process sensory info
• cognitive schemas = unconscious mental structures rep. experience w/ world
• world is incredibly complex, brimming w/ stimuli, makes it difficult to process all of the inputs & info w/o feeling overwhelmed
• use filters + cognitive processes to simplify / organise info according to memories & mental representations
• making sense of outside world

Question 4

Schema Theory 2.

Answer 4

• fundamental to organisation of incoming info
• impact memory & interpretation –> reading
• top-down vs bottom-up processing
• top-down mode explored by Anderson et al (1976)

Question 5

top down processing

Answer 5

use mind to interpret text on page

Question 6

bottom-up processing

Answer 6

sensory receptors pick up signals for brain to process

Question 7

Anderson et al (1976)

Answer 7

• quasiexperiment
• how personal experiences & schemas influence interpretations of stories
• 30 males, 30 females
• females studying for career in music, males = PE students from weight-lifting classes
• 2 passages ~ 150 words long
• 1st passage (prison / wrestling) written so most people think it’s about escaping a prison, but could be about someone escaping wrestling move
• 2nd passage (Card/music) - most ppl think cards, could also be about music
• 10 MCQ questions + free recall test
• also completed AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL questionnaire
• RESULTS: INTERPRETATIONS DIFFERED DEPENDING ON PARTICIPANTS’ BACKGROUND
• personal history, knowledge, & belief influence interpretation given to prose passages
• high-level schema provide interpretative framework for comprehending discourse