CLOA

Question 1

Evaluate schema theory with reference to research studies.

Answer 1

The Schema theory is by which information and experiences are structured cognitively. Encoding occurs early on in the information processing, in relation to memory. Schema are activated unconsciously and requires no effort what so ever.
Strengths - provides information on how cognition works and aids understanding of how the mind works.
Limitation - Lack of explanation and has no physical presence, therefore it can not be observed.

Gauld and Stephenson (1967).

Question 2

Biological factors that may affect cognitive processes.

Answer 2

One cognitive process: memory. Memory = where information is stored and recalled from past events.
Biological factors = surgery and/or brain damage.

H.M Case study (

Question 3

Discuss how social or cultural factors may affect one cognitive process (e.g education or media).

Answer 3

Culture - cultural socialization influence our schemas, which in turn influence our encoding. People from different cultures recall events differently. Individualistic and collectivism. Cor-relational study (cause & effect) - Wang.

Wang (2004) -

Question 4

Discuss ethical considerations related to research studies at CLOA.

Answer 4

Ethics - BPS + APA = guidelines for researchers. e.g informed consent, withdraw & debriefing.

Wang (2004) - Summary: Self concept, children, age, ethical background. Encouraged to talk about childhood memories and personal questions = cause stress. Parental consent, withdraw, debriefed.

Justifiable.

Question 5

Describe one model of cognitive process.

Answer 5

M.S.M - memory is made up of a series of stores. Information enter to the sensory memory, if attended it is attached to STM, if rehearsed LMT. Encoding, retrieval. Serial position curve, primacy and recency. (Atkindson & Schriffin, 1968)

Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) - To test primacy & recency effect. 46 army men, tested individually. 15 list words, 1 & 2 seconds, interval of nouns.

Contusion:

Question 6

Outline one basic principle from Cognitive Level of Analysis (CLOA).

Answer 6

Principle: cognitive process - influenced by social and cultural factors, may influence the way we remember things. Education, religion, traditions, culture and language. Schemas are different.

Cole & Scribner (X) - Aim: to study development among tribal Liberian children. Procedure: different age groups, schooled or unschooled. objects are shown one at the time, recall in any order. Schooled = remembered by using categorical similarities. Unschooled = 1st rial remembered 10 objects, after 15 trials, only 1-2 more.

Shows that social and cultural factors are linked to the principle, that it influences the way we remember.