Clinical View Boxes of Unit 4 Flashcards
Disorders of Growth Hormone Secretion
Pituitary Gigantism (Andre the Giant) Vertical Growth
Acromegaly (Appositional/Widening growth) organs and bones widen.
Disorders of Thyroid Hormone Secretion
Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, increased weight loss, and hyperactivity) is opposite to hypothyroidism. Also goiter, which is due to iodine deficiency.
Disorders of Adrenal Cortex Hormone Secretion
Cushing Syndrome (excessive adipose tissue deposits in face)
Addison Disease - (involves insufficient production of steroids ex. JFK)
Adrenogenital Syndrome - (inability to synthesize corticosteroids)
Conditions Resulting in abnormal blood glucose levels
Type 1 & 2 Diabetes, Hypoglycemia
Anemia
Any condition where the mass of erythrocytes is outside the normal range.
Leukemia
Abnormal development and proliferation of leukocytes
Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infraction
Angina Pectoris - localized pain sensation on the left side of the chest, left arm and shoulder, resulting from strenuous activity
Myocardial Infraction - commonly referred to as a heart attack
Cardiac Arrhythmia
Improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast, or too slow.
Cardiac arrhythmia occurs when electrical impulses in the heart don’t work properly.
There may be no symptoms. Or, symptoms may include a fluttering in the chest, chest pain, fainting, or dizziness.
Varicose Veins
caused by weak or damaged vein walls and valves. Treated with sclerotherapy, or vein removal (phlebectomy)
Deep Vein Thrombosis
A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
This condition is serious because blood clots can loosen and lodge in the lungs.
Leg pain or swelling may occur, but there may be no symptoms.
Treatments include medications and the use of compression stockings.
Atherosclerosis
A progressive disease of elastic and muscular arteries leading to thickening of tunica intima and narrowing of arterial lumen. Treated with angioplasty
Aneurysm
Dilation/widening of typically arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis. These can possibly rupture if pressure becomes too excessive.
Peptic Ulcer
A chronic, solitary erosion of a portion of the lining of either the stomach or the duodenum. Caused by imbalance stomach acids and mucosa lining.
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
Occurs in the colon/large intestine. Caused by low or high amounts of fiber in colon.
Liver Cirrhosis
When hepatocytes have been destroyed and are replaced by fibrous scar tissue. Caused by alcoholism, Hepatitis B or C
Gallstones (Choleithiasis)
Caused from high concentrations of certain material in bile. Can be small as grain to size of golf ball.
Intestinal Disorders
Celiac, Crohn disease, lead to intense irritable bowel syndrome.
Intravenous Pyelogram
Used to visualize parts of urinary tract. Provides a “time-lapse” view of urinary system flow using dye to show any blockages.
Renal Failure and Kidney Transplants
When your kidneys lose their filtering ability, dangerous levels of wastes may accumulate, and your blood’s chemical makeup may get out of balance
Dialysis
a procedure to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys stop working properly. It often involves diverting blood to a machine to be cleaned.
Renal Calculi (Urolithiasis)
Kidney Stone, treament using ultrasound (lithotripsy) or ureteroscopy is used to break up stone.
Breast Cancer: Almost all breast cancers are carcinomas, meaning what?
That they are derived from the epithelium
Breast Cancer: Can be caused by an exposure to which hormone over a long period of time?
Estrogen
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is what?
A non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.
Circumcision is the surgical removal of what part of the penis?
Prepuce
HPV is a risk factor for which type of cancer in females?
Cervical Cancer
A PAP Smear is used to check for which type of cancer?
Cervical
Peptic Ulcers can effect the lining of which part of the small intestine?
Dueodenum
pneumothorax affects which part of the lung wall?
Pleural Cavity/Space
Free air in the pleural space of the lung can cause it to do what?
Collapse
What two parts of the normal airway are skipped after a Tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy have been performed?
Nasal Cavity and larynx
Which two parts of the larynx can become inflamed due to Laryngitis?
The vocal folds and epiglottis
In Asthma, which layer of the brochi and bronchioles become swollen?
Submucosa layer
Which type of lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes?
T & B Lymphocytes
