Clinical view Boxes of Unit 2 Flashcards
Osteitis deformans
Characterized by excessive bone resorption, excessive osteoclast activity followed by excessive bone deposition, excessive osteoblast activity.
Achondroplastic dwarfism
Characterized by an abnormal conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone. Failure of chondrocytes
Bone Scans
Tests that can detect bone pathologies sooner than X-rays, while exposing the patient to only a fraction of the radiation.
Cleft lip and Cleft palate
Incomplete fusion of the upper jaw components of the developing embryo.
Herniated Discs
Produces a “bulging” of the intervertebral discs pinching the nerves of the spinal cord
Sternal Foramen
Sometimes, mistakenly identified as a bullet wound in the sternum, has caused deaths in acupuncture.
Variations in Rib Development
Bifid ribs (Split), Extra pair, missing pair, cervical ribs (these may compress axillary artery and need to be removed)
Fracture of the Clavicle
Fractures easily because of S Shape, posterior fractures can be more serious because splinters can puncture the subclavian artery and vein.
Colles Fracture
Fracture on the wrist
Scaphoid Fracture
One of the most commonly fractured carpal bones takes a long time to heal, caused by falling on an outstretched hand. Can cause avascular necrosis of the wrist because its blood supply can get cut off
Pott Fracture
Fracture of the distal tibia and often the fibula, involving the malleoli specifically.
Pathologies of the Foot
A bunion, Pes planus, Pes cavus, Tallpes equinovarus
Limb Malformalities
Polydactyly, Ectrodactyly, Syndactyly, Amelia, Phocomelia
What does TMJ stands for what?
Temporomandibular Joint
What habit can cause TMJ disorders?
Chewing Gum
What type of joints does cracking your knuckles affect?
Synovial Joints
Does “Cracking Knuckles” cause arthritis?
No
Subluxation refers to what?
An incomplete dislocation of a joint.
What type of dislocation is known as a nursemaid’s elbow?
Subluxation of the head of the radius
The posterior and anterior drawer tests are used to check for tears in which ligament in the leg?
Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL & PCL)
A triple injury of the anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, and tibial collateral ligament are referred to as what?
An Unhappy Triad
Arthritis is a degenerative breakdown of what?
Joints
In arthritis the whole bone is affected but which type of cartilage is effected the most?
Articular Cartilage
An over-inversion of the foot can lead to what?
Ankle Sprain
What fracture may occur as a result of an overeversion sprain?
Pott Fracture
Which disease blocks Acetalcholine because of toxin from canned foods that weren’t cooked enough?
Botulism
Blocks an inhibitory neurotransmitter called glycine and an immune never fully develops and is most likely found around wounds.
Tetanus
At what time interval does full rigor mortis occur?
8-24 hours after death body will stiff. Helps provide time of death.
Muscular dystrophy is where skeletal muscle degenerates and is replaced by what two things?
Adipose tissue and fibrous connective tissue.
Strabismus refers to the misalignment of what?
Eyes, Crossed eyes
Congenital muscular torticollis is also called what
Wryneck
Congenital muscular torticollis is also called is treated how?
Botox
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease that occurs exclusively in which gender?
Males
Congenital muscular torticollis is a failure of which muscle?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle is commonly paralyzed by polio?
The diaphram, treated by the iron lung.
Which bone do shin splints affect?
Tibia
Which toxin results in excessive muscle in contraction
Tetanus
Which type of joints does arthritis attack?
Synovial Joints
Thalidomide cause malformation in which part of the body?
Limb malformations
