Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Clinical Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Clinical Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular disease compromises 4 major areas, which are?

A

Cerebrovascular (brain)
Coronary heart (coronary arteries)
Aortic (Aorta)
Peripheral arterial (peripheral arteries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cerebrovascular disease affects what area?

A

the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Coronary heart disease affects what area?

A

coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aortic disease affects what area?

A

aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Peripheral arterial disease affects what area?

A

peripheral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between arterial and venous disease?

A

skin changes such as pallor are more likely with arterial occlusion. Swelling especially of the extremities is much more likely with venous occlusion than arterial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two main non-congenital types of structural aortic disease?

A

Dissection
Aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is dissection?

A

is defined as a separation of the layers of the aortic wall due to a tear in the intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some characteristics of dissection?

A

severe tearing/sharp chest pain upper back pain
STEMI
valvular dysfunction
Peripheral pulse deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the stages of aortic dissection?

A

healthy vessel > Stage 1: rupture of intima > Stage 2: dissection of media > Stage 3: rupture of the vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What kind of lumen(s) does an aortic dissection have?

A

2 - true and false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the first hypothesis of aortic dissection?

A

Blood in the aortic lumen penetrates the diseased media leading to dissection, and creates the true and false lumens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the first hypothesis of aortic dissection?

A

A hemorrhage in the aortic wall leads to subsequent intimal disruption, which causes an Intimal tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is/are the name(s) of the classification system for aortic dissection?

A

DeBakey and Stanford

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the DeBakey Classification, what is Type I

A

involves the ascending aorta, arch, and descending thoracic aorta and may progress to involve the abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the DeBakey Classification, what is Type II

A

confined to the ascending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the DeBakey Classification, what is Type IIIa

A

involves the descending thoracic aorta distal to the left subclavian artery and proximal to the celiac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In the DeBakey Classification, what is Type IIIb

A

dissection involves the thoracic and abdominal aorta distal to the left subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the Stanford Classification, what is Type A

A

involves the ascending aorta and may progress to involve the arch and thoracoabdominal aorta. An immediate surgical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In the Stanford Classification, what is Type B

A

involves the descending thoracic or thoroacoabdominal aorta distal to the left subclavian artery without involvement of ascending aorta. Usually starts with medical therapy to lower BP/HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the initial phase of an aneurysm?

A

inflammation via the TH2 response with inhibition of IFN-gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the second phase of an aneurysm?

A

ROS collagenolysis, extracellular matrix degradation, smooth muscle cell apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How are abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) commonly described?

A

based on the relation to the renal arteries

24
Q

Suprarenal AAA

A

the aneurysm involves the origins of one or more visceral arteries but does not extend into the chest.

25
Q

Pararenal AAA

A

the renal arteries arise from the aneurysmal aorta but the aorta at the level of the superior mesenteric artery is not aneurysmal

26
Q

Juxtarenal AAA

A

the aneurysm originates just beyond the origins of the renal arteries.
There is no segment nonaneurysmal aorta distal to the renal arteries, but the aorta at the level of the renal arteries is not aneurysmal.

27
Q

Infrarenal AAA

A

the aneurysm originates distal to the renal arteries. There is a segment of the nonaneurysmal aorta that extends distal to the origins of the renal arteries

28
Q

What is Vasculitis?

A

also known as angiitis or arteritis, is a group of rare conditions characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels. This inflammation can affect blood vessels of various types and sizes, including arteries, veins, and capillaries

29
Q

What can the inflammation in vasculitis lead to?

A

fever, fatigue, weight loss, generalized aches and pains, skin rashes or sores, headaches, muscle and joint pain, nerve problems (tingling, numbness), organ-specific symptoms (e.g., chest pain, abdominal pain)

30
Q

Examples of large-vessel vasculitis?

A

takayasu arteritis
giant cell arteritis

31
Q

Examples of medium-vessel vasculitis?

A

Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa

32
Q

Examples of immune complex small-vessel vasculitis?

A

IgA (Henoch-Schonlein)
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis

33
Q

What is the childhood presentation of vasculitis called?

A

IgA vasculitis

34
Q

What is another name for IgA vasculitis?

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura-HSP

35
Q

What are the characteristics of IgA vasculitis?

A

small vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposition in the vessel wall

purpuric rash along

abdominal pain/arthritis-arthralgias/hematuria-RBC casts

proteinuria

36
Q

What causes IgA vasculitis?

A

potentially an upper respiratory infection

37
Q

How is IgA vasculitis diagnosed?

A

It is a clinical diagnosis-lab testing and imaging aren’t confirmatory but biopsy does reveal the leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposition

38
Q

What are the characteristics of Kawasaki’s Disease?

A

Strawberry tongue
conjunctivitis
cracked red lips
periungual desquamation of the hands and feet

39
Q

What is Kawasaki’s Disease?

A

inflammation of medium-sized arteries, esp coronary arteries; the etiology remains unknown

40
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki’s Disease?

A

fever lasting 5 days + 4/5 criteria

41
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria(5) for Kawasaki’s Disease?

A
  1. bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection
  2. oral mucous membrane changes
  3. peripheral extremity changes - erythema of the palms
  4. polymorphous rash
  5. Cervical lymphadenopathy
42
Q

What is Takayasu arteritis?

A

Takayasu arteritis is a large vessel inflammatory arteritis that affects the aorta and its primary branches which can lead to narrowing or dilation or occlusion. The inflammation maybe focal or diffuse.

43
Q

When do symptom develop with Takayasu arteritis?

A

after arterial narrowing/occlusion

44
Q

What are the symptoms of Takayasu arteritis?

A

limb claudication, pulse decrease/deficit, neurologic symptoms, respiratory symptoms

45
Q

What is giant cell Arteritis?

A

It is a systemic disease and other arteries including the aorta can be involved. The frequent involvement of the temporal artery is what often brings the diagnosis to light.

46
Q

What is the clinical presentation of giant cell Arteritis?

A

Presentation is usually subacute rather than sudden onset except if there is vision changes
Strongly associated with PMR-polymyalgia rheumatica.

47
Q

What is the predilection for GCA?

A

more common in Caucasians, women more than men, age>50

48
Q

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease-PAD?

A

the result of atherosclerotic disease of peripheral arteries especially lower extremity arteries that progresses to the point of vessel narrowing and decreased blood flow and subsequent signs and symptoms related to the decreased flow.

49
Q

is PAD and Chronic Heart disease predictor?

A

yes

50
Q

How mush of PAD can be symptomatic?

A

20-50%

51
Q

What are some symptoms of PAD?

A

leg pain especially with walking (claudication), non-healing wounds/ulceration, gangrene, other arterial/atherosclerotic disease, Pulmonary embolism: a complete cardiovascular exam: decreased pulses, skin color and integrity/lesions

52
Q

What are the 2 main presentations of venous disease?

A

venous thromboembolism (DVT/PE)

venous insufficiency

53
Q

What is venous thromboembolism ?

A

Venous thromboembolic disease most often affects the deep venous structures of the legs hence the term deep vein thromboembolism-DVT but can be found in any vein-even the dural sinuses of brain or the portal vein

54
Q

what risk factors are associated with deep vein thrombosis?

A

Inherited thrombophilia (Factor V Leiden mutation, Prothrombin mutation, Protein S deficiency, Protein C deficiency, Antithrombin deficiency)
Other disorders and risk factors: Trauma, immobilization, sepsis, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, heart failure, obesity, IV drug use, inflammatory bowel disease

55
Q

What is Valvular dysfunction/incompetence?

A

the primary anatomic abnormality associated with a marked increased in venous pressure transmitted from the deep venous system to the superficial system leading to edema formation and varicosities and eventually to characteristic skin changes.

56
Q

What can cause vein valvular dysfunction?

A

The vein valve dysfunction can result from obstruction to flow such as with a DVT and/or from long standing increased vein pressure such as prolonged standing/sitting without walking, edema states, extremity trauma… once valve dysfunction begins it most often progresses.

57
Q

What are some dermatologic Findings of Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

A

Telangiectasia of the lower extremity

lipodermatosclerosis

Cardiovascular (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions