Clinical uses of agents that modify adrenoreceptors and cholinoreceptors Flashcards
What is the role of atropine, and how is it used in medical practice?
Atropine blocks all five muscarinic receptors and is used in eye exams to dilate pupils, allowing for better visualization of the eye. It can also reduce secretions before surgery and increase heart rate by counteracting vagal effects.
How does ipratropium benefit respiratory function?
Ipratropium is used to increase the width of the airways (bronchodilation), making it easier for individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma or COPD, to breathe.
What condition does solifenacin treat?
Solifenacin is used to help control overactive bladder symptoms, reducing urgency and frequency of urination.
How does Botox affect acetylcholine release?
Botox (botulinum toxin) inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, leading to reduced muscle contraction and is used for various therapeutic and cosmetic purposes.
What is pilocarpine used to treat?
Pilocarpine is used to treat dry mouth (xerostomia) by stimulating salivary gland secretion.
What is the function of donepezil in treating cognitive impairment?
Donepezil is used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease by increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which can help improve cognitive function.
How does prazosin affect blood pressure?
Prazosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that relaxes blood vessels, increasing the size of arteries and thereby lowering blood pressure.
How does atenolol help patients with angina?
Atenolol slows the heart rate, which allows more blood to flow into the heart muscle. This helps to reduce angina symptoms by alleviating the heart’s workload and improving oxygen supply.
What is the mechanism of timolol in treating glaucoma?
Timolol reduces the production of ocular fluid in the eye, helping to lower intraocular pressure and prevent damage associated with glaucoma.
What is the function of mirabegron?
Mirabegron relaxes the bladder muscle, making it useful for treating overactive bladder symptoms.
How does salbutamol aid individuals with asthma?
Salbutamol activates beta-2 adrenoreceptors in the airways, causing bronchodilation and helping to relieve wheezing and shortness of breath in asthma patients.
What is the role of amphetamines in the body?
Amphetamines increase the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, leading to heightened alertness, energy, and concentration. They can block the uptake mechanism of these neurotransmitters, enhancing their effects.
How does cocaine affect heart rate?
Cocaine increases heart rate by blocking the reabsorption of noradrenaline, leading to heightened sympathetic nervous system activity and increased cardiac stimulation.
What symptoms does pseudoephedrine relieve, and how does it work?
Pseudoephedrine is used to relieve nasal congestion and sinus pressure. It works as a decongestant by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and mucus production.
What condition is tamsulosin used to treat, and how does it function?
amsulosin is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by relaxing smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, which improves urinary flow.
