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Medical Pharmacology Exam 1 > Clinical Uses of Adrenergics > Flashcards

Clinical Uses of Adrenergics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

How do cholinergic agonists compare to cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Both have the same net effect, increase amount of Ach at the receptor

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2
Q

Acetyl choline, methacholine, carbachol, bethanechol and pilocarpine all fall under the class of drugs called _

A

Cholinomimetics

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3
Q

What are the 3 competitive cholinesterase inhibitors provided as examples?

A

Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Edrophonium

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4
Q

What are the 2 non-competitive cholinesterase inhibitors provided as examples?

A

Organophosphates

Nerve gas

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5
Q

How do competitive and non-competitive cholinesterase inhibitors interact?

A

The competitive inhibitors may be used as protective agents against the non-competitives

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6
Q

Among the cholinomimetics, carbachol and pilocarpine differ from methacholine and acetylcholine because _

A

They are not substrates for cholinesterase (pseudo or acetyl)

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7
Q

How do acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase affect acetyl choline? methacholine?

A

Both metabolize acetylcholine

Only acetylcholine metabolizes methacholine

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8
Q

Among the cholinomimetics, which 2 agents can be used topically on the eye? Which is more effective?

A

Carbachol (more effective)

Pilocarpine

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9
Q

Among the cholinomimetics, which 2 are most “antagonizable” by atropine?

A

Acetylcholine

Methacholine

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10
Q

Rank the 4 cholinomimetics in order of length of action. Longest first

A

Pilocarpine
Carbachol
Methacholine
Acetylcholine

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11
Q

What are the 2 insecticides provided as examples of cholinesterase inhibitors? What is malathion used for?

A

Malathion (Lice)

Parathion

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12
Q

What drug can be used prophylactically to prevent toxicity from large doses of cholinesterase inhibitors? How does it work?

A

Pyridostigmine

Inhibits approx. 30% of enzymatic activity, preventing 30% of enzyme population from being inactivated

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13
Q

Among the reversible cholinesterase inhibitors physostigmine, neostigmine and edrophonium, which is lipid soluble, therefore useful in treating glaucoma or CNS conditions?

A

Physostigmine

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14
Q

Among the reversible cholinesterase inhibitors physostigmine, neostigmine and edrophonium, which 2 are useful as curare antagonists?

A

Neostigmine

Edrophonium

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15
Q

Among the reversible cholinesterase inhibitors physostigmine, neostigmine and edrophonium, which 2 the most effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

A

Neostigmine (most effective)

Edrophonium

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16
Q

Among the reversible cholinesterase inhibitors physostigmine, neostigmine and edrophonium, which is able to inhibit plasmacholinesterase?

A

Physostigmine

17
Q

Among the reversible cholinesterase inhibitors physostigmine, neostigmine and edrophonium, which is used in the treatment of myesthenia gravis?

A

Neostigmine

18
Q

What is jimsonweed?

A

It is an antimuscarinic agent with potential as a drug of abuse

19
Q

What two antimuscarinic agents have both central and peripheral effects?

A

Atropine

Scopolamine

20
Q

Many drug classes have antimuscarinic effects. Name 3 example

A

H1-antihistamines
Tricyclic antidepressants
Neuroleptics

21
Q

When referring to the nicotinic receptors, N1 refers to _ and N2 refers to _

A

N1 - Ganglionic

N2 - Neuromuscular

22
Q

What is the main agonist of the N1 type receptor? What is its effect on HR and epinephrine?

A

Nicotine

Increases both HR and epinephrine release

23
Q

What are 2 N1 antagonists provided as examples?

A

Trimethaphan

Mecamylamine

24
Q

What are 2 examples of competitive N2 antagonists? One example of non competitive N2 antagonists?

A

Competitive - Curare, pancuronium

Non-compet - Succinylcholine

25
Q

What is the main effect area affected by acute adrenergic syndrome? chronic adrenergic syndrome?

A

Acute - Cardiovascular

Chronic - CNS

26
Q

What 2 drugs are associated with chronic adrenergic syndrome?

A

Amphetamines

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

27
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists are used for the treatment of what 2 conditions? What are their effects?

A 
Nasal decongestion (arteriolar constriction)
Blood pressure (increase MAP)
28
Q

What are 2 major uses of alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists?

A

Decrease blood pressure

Alter micturition

29
Q

How does terazosin alter micturition? Where is it working?

A

It blocks alpha 1 receptors in the neck of the bladder, causing relaxation. Reduces micturition

30
Q

What is the example of the non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist provided? What is its effect of GI and bronchial muscles? On blood glucose and free fatty acids?

A

Isoproterenol
Relaxes GI and bronchial muscles
Increase blood glucose and free fatty acids

31
Q

What is a major use of beta 2 agonists?

A

Bronchodilation

32
Q

What is a tocolytic? What class of adrenergic drug is considered a tocolytic?

A

Tocolytic is a drug that prevents uterine contraction

Beta 2 agonists

33
Q 
What type of drug class will cause the following symptoms?
Hypotension
Improve congestive heart failure
Worsen bronchoconstriction
Cloud symptoms of hypoglycemia?
A

Adrenergic blockers

Medical Pharmacology Exam 1 (15 decks)

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