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Cardiopulm Pharm > Clinical Use > Flashcards

Clinical Use Flashcards

1
Q

most commonly used inotropic agent (other than digoxin) for treating heart failure

Enhance contractility

A

Dobutamine

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2
Q

*1st choice drug for hyper-triglyceridemia

–Use when low HDL
– For patients with atherosclerotic vascular
disease or diabetes with intolerance to statins

A

Fibrates

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3
Q

1st line agent for chronic stable angina

Improves glycemic control in
diabetics

Decreases atrial fibrillation

A

Ranolazine

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4
Q

Acute exudative types of allergy (hay fever, pollinosis) that present with
rhinitis, urticaria, and conjunctivitis

A

Cetirizine
Fexofenadine
Loratadine

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5
Q

Acute exudative types of allergy (hay fever, pollinosis) that present with
rhinitis, urticaria, and conjunctivitis

i. Prevention of motion sickness
ii. Sedation

A

Chlorpheniramine

Diphenhydramine

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6
Q 
Acute MI (STEMI) 12 hours
UA/NSTEMI
A

Abciximab

Bivalirudin

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7
Q

Acute MI (STEMI) 12 hours

A

Ticagrelor

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8
Q

Acute MI (STEMI)

A

tPA; alteplase

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9
Q 
Acute MI (STEMI) 12 hours
UA/NSTEMI
A

Heparin
low-molecular-weight heparin
[enoxaparin]

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10
Q

Acute pharyngitis

A

Penicillin G and V

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11
Q

As an adjunct to diet, niacin is beneficial to patients with

hypercholesterolemia & mixed lipid disorders

A

Niacin (Vit B3)

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12
Q

asthma; although effective, it is not approved for

treatment of allergic rhinitis

A

Omalizumab

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13
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Warfain

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14
Q

blocks nasal discharge (reduces watery nasal secretions)

does not relieve sneezing, itching or nasal congestion

A

Ipratropium (intranasal)

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15
Q

Community-acquired

pneumonia

A

Tetracyclines - Doxycycline

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16
Q

Community-acquired
pneumonia
Hospital-acquired
pneumonia

A

Fluoroquinolone- Levofloxacin

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17
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

Dornase α

Ivacaftor

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18
Q

Cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa (with gentamicin)

A

Piperacillin + tazobactam

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19
Q

Cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa (with piperacillin)

A

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

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20
Q

decrease afterload

A

Hydralazine

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21
Q

decrease preload

A

Furosemide

Isosorbide dinitrate

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22
Q

decrease preload & afterload, and myocardial fibrosis

A

ACE Inhibitors:

Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril

ARBs:

Valsartan

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23
Q

decrease preload & afterload, improves ventricular function

A

Carvedilol

Metoprolol

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24
Q

decrease preload and myocardial fibrosis

A

Spironolactone

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25
Q

Distributive shock: alternative inotropic agent used in combination with vasopressor to counteract vasodilation

Cardiogenic shock: lowers the systemic vascular resistance,
adversely affecting coronary perfusion pressure

A

Dobutamine

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26
Q

Distributive shock: initial vasopressor agents

Cardiogenic shock: improve CO and perfusion pressure, but at
the expense of increasing the HR

A

Dopamine

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27
Q

Distributive shock: initial vasopressor agents

Cardiogenic shock: increase SVR thus increasing coronary perfusion

A

Norepinephrine

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28
Q

Distributive shock: last resort

A

Epinephrine

29
Q

Distributive shock: resistance to exogenously administered catecholamines

A

Vasopressin

30
Q

Distributive shock: therapeutic option in hypotensive patients experiencing a tachyarrhythmia

A

Phenylephrine

31
Q

enhance contractility in CHF

A

Digoxin

Milrinone

32
Q

Enterococcal endocarditis

antimicrobial prophylaxis for
dental procedures for patients at the highest risk

A

Ampicillin

33
Q

first-line drugs in hypovolemic shock

A

Crystalloids

34
Q

For acute exacerbations and treatment of chronic severe asthma

A

Prednisone (Oral)

35
Q

For mild to moderate allergic rhinitis, especially for seasonal or intermittent symptoms

Allergic conjunctivitis

A

Second generation Antihistamines

36
Q

For moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (intranasal)

Atopic dermatitis (topical)

A

Fluticasone (intranasal)

Prednisone (oral)

37
Q

Hospital-acquired

pneumonia

A

Ceftriaxone

38
Q

Hospital-acquired

pneumonia (MRSA)

A

Vancomycin

39
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Colloidal solutions

40
Q

i. Allergic rhinitis: decreases nasal congestion, itching, sneezing
ii. Asthma: Prevent bronchoconstriction

A

Montelukast

41
Q

i. Aspergillus spp.
ii. Candida spp.
iii. Cryptococcus neoformans
iv. Dimorphic pathogens
v. Dermatophytes

Alternatives to AmpB; Oral and intravenous

A

Fluconazole & Itraconazole (triazoles)

42
Q

i. Aspergillus spp.
ii. Candida spp.
iii. Cryptococcus neoformans
iv. Dimorphic pathogens (Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasilensis, Coccidioides immitis)

A

Amphotericin B

43
Q

i. Inhalation for asthma
ii. Nasal insufflation for allergic rhinitis
iii. Eye drops for conjunctivitis

Used prophylactically - may not
be effective for 2-6 weeks

A

Cromolyn

44
Q

infective
endocarditis caused by
Streptococcus spp.

antimicrobial prophylaxis for
dental procedures for patients at the highest risk

A

Cephalosporins: Ceftriaxone

45
Q

Inhaled for acute relief

Bronchodilator in asthma or COPD
Prevention of exercise-induced asthma
Emergency treatment (status asthmaticus) together with systemic glucocorticoids

A

Albuterol (Inhaled & oral)

46
Q

Latent TB: when isoniazid resistance is suspected or when the patient cannot tolerate isoniazid

Active TB RIPE

A

Rifampin

47
Q

Most effective antiasthmatic drugs

A

Beclomethasone; budesonide, flunisolide,

fluticasone (Inhaled)

48
Q

Nonspecific cough suppressive therapy may be useful when the cause of the cough cannot be identified or is not treatable.

A

Codeine
Dextromethorphan
Diphenhydramine

49
Q

Oral and topical

i. Aspergillus spp.
ii. Candida spp.
iii. Cryptococcus neoformans
iv. Dimorphic pathogens
v. Dermatophytes

A

Ketoconazole (imidazole)

50
Q

otitis media, acute sinusitis, Acute pharyngitis

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanate

51
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

PCP

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

52
Q

preferred drug for treating latent TB infection

Active TB RIPE

A

Isoniazid

53
Q

prevention and acute treatment of VTE

Acute MI (STEMI)

A

Fondaparinux

54
Q

Preventive; NOT used for
acute bronchospasm

Bronchodilator in asthma or COPD
Prevention of exercise-induced asthma

A

Salmeterol (Inhaled)

55
Q 
Primary prevention (in
patient with low risk)
Secondary prevention (in
patients with recent MI)
Acute MI (STEMI) 12 hours
A 
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
Clopidogrel
56
Q

Prophylaxis and treatment of Influenza A or B virus

Effective against some avian strains of influenza. Thus, these
drugs are options for prophylaxis and treatment of H5N1
disease

A

Oseltamivir (oral)

Zanamivir (inhalation)

57
Q

Relief of congestion (does not affect sneezing, itching, discharge)

A

Phenylephrine (intranasal)

Pseudoephedrine (oral)

58
Q

Reserved for patients with immediate β-lactam allergies
or when infection is
caused by MRSA

A

Vancomycin

59
Q

Reversible airway obstruction due to asthma or other chronic lung disease

A

Theophylline

Aminophylline

60
Q

Staphylococcal endocarditis

A

Nafcillin

61
Q

Streptococcal endocarditis

A

Penicillin G

62
Q

This combination improves chloride transport (in patients who are homozygous for the Phe508del mutation)

A

Lumacaftor

Ivacaftor

63
Q

Together* with a penicillin
for Enterococcus and
Streptococcus viridans

Together with a penicillin or
cephalosporin for P.
aeruginosa

With vancomycin for MRSA

A

Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin

64
Q

Treatment and prevention of influenza A

A

Amantadine

65
Q

treatment of choice for acute anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

66
Q

Treatment of Types IIa and IIb
hyper‐lipidemic patients lacking LDL receptors

2nd line drug for lipid reduction (mainly used for hypercholesterolemia)

Often used in combination with diet or niacin

A

Bile acid sequestrants (resins)

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, and Colesevelam

67
Q

Used prophylactically prior to exercise or unavoidable exposure to known allergens: may
not be effective for 2-6 weeks

Alternative for the treatment of mild persistent asthma

A

Cromolyn (Inhaled)

68
Q

Vasospastic angina (or Prinzmetal’s angina)

A

Non-DHP: Diltiazem, Verapamil

69
Q 
Whooping cough
Community-acquired
pneumonia
Hospital-acquired
pneumonia
A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin (Macrolides)

Cardiopulm Pharm (4 decks)

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