Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulm Pharm > Adverse Effects > Flashcards

Adverse Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Adverse Effects

A

Drug Name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Slows A-V conduction

A

Non-DHP: Diltiazem, Verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arrhythmias; Hypotension

A

Milrinone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypotension (α1 blockade)

Bradycardia (due to exaggerated β1 block); bronchoconstriction (due to β2-block)
May worsen heart failure or cause hypotension during 1st 2-4 weeks – titrate dosage up

A

Carvedilol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bradycardia (due to exaggerated β1 block); bronchoconstriction (due to β2-block)
May worsen heart failure or cause hypotension during 1st 2-4 weeks – titrate dosage up

A

Metoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cardiac arrhythmias, conduction disturbances and CNS (confusion, visual disturbances)

A

Digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cough & angioedema

due to bradykinin breakdown

A

ACE Inhibitors:

Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hyperkalemia
Antiandrogenic → Painful gynecomastia
Menstrual irregularity & ↓libido

A

Spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ototoxicity (manifest as: tinnitus, hearing impairment, deafness, vertigo)
Hypokalemia; hypomagnesemia

A

Furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tachycardia, arrhythmia, angina (all due to β receptor agonism)
Hypertension (due to α1 receptor agonism)
Development of tolerance

A

Dobutamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A-V block; Acute heart failure; Sedation (CNS side effect); Bradycardia; Bronchospasm (less with cardio-selective)

A

Metoprolol, atenolol (cardio-selective)

Propranolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
– Muscle aches, myopathy, muscle
inflammation, rhabdomyolysis –> check
creatine kinase level to monitor
muscle breakdown
– Peripheral neuropathies
– Hepatotoxicity (↑Transaminase) – get
baseline transaminase level before
starting medication
– GI upset
– Rash & itching
A

Statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

– Myopathy/rhabdomyolysis; Pain & headache
– Cholelithiasis (gallstones) due to ↑cholesterol excretion into bile
– Elevated liver function tests
– ↓WBC → Disposition to infections (influenza)

A

Fibrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(1) Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
(2) Growth suppression
(3) Osteoporosis
(4) Increased intraocular pressure and cataracts

A

Prednisone (Oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(a) Cough
(b) Nasal and throat discomfort
(c) Rarely bronchospasm and decreased lung function

A

Zanamivir (inhalation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(a) Nausea and vomiting (relieved if taken with food)
(b) Headache
(c) Neuropsychiatric events including suicide (children &
adolescents)

A

Oseltamivir (oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

• Mostly GIT disturbances (nausea,
constipation, & flatulence)
• High doses: ↓Absorption of
fat soluble vitamins

A

Bile acid sequestrants (resins)

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, and Colesevelam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. “Red-neck” or “red-man” syndrome (caused by release of histamine from
    cutaneous mast cells)
  2. Ototoxicity
  3. Nephrotoxicity
A

Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Dry nose and mouth
  2. Pharyngeal irritation
  3. Urinary retention
  4. Increased intraocular pressure (with inadvertent instillation in the eye)
A

Ipratropium (intranasal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a. CNS excitation (Insomnia, excitability, headache, nervousness)
b. Cardiovascular stimulation (palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension)
c. GI (nausea, vomiting)
d. Urinary retention

A

Pseudoephedrine (oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a. Crystalluria
b. Acute hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
c. Stevens-
Johnson Syndrome
d. Kernicterus in newborns

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a. Dryness and irritation or burning of the nasal mucosa
b. Sore throat
c. Epistaxis
d. Headache

A

Fluticasone (intranasal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a. Gastrointestinal
i. Distress, nausea and vomiting
ii. Pseudomembranous colitis
b. Photosensitivity
c. Permanent brown discoloration of the teeth

A

Tetracyclines - Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a. Gastrointestinal*
i. Nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea
b. QT prolongation*
c. Cholestatic jaundice*

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin (Macrolides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

a. GI: nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort
b. CNS: headache, dizziness
c. Musculoskeletal: increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture usually involving the Achilles tendon

A

Fluoroquinolone- Levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

a. Hypersensitivity reactions
b. Local reactions at the site of administration
c. Nephropathy

A

Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

a. Hypersensitivity reactions
b. Phlebitis (parenteral); GI upset (oral)
c. Interstitial nephritis
d. Neurotoxicity

A

Penicillin G and V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

a. Hypersensitivity reactions
b. Phlebitis (parenteral); GI upset (oral)
c. Neurotoxicity

A

Piperacillin + tazobactam

Amoxicillin + clavulanate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

a. Ototoxicity: Vestibular and auditory
b. Nephrotoxicity
c. Neuromuscular blockade

A

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Angina
Anxiety, headache
N/V

A

Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Anxiety, tremor, restlessness,

tachycardia, and hypokalemia

A

Albuterol (Inhaled & oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Arrhythmia, asystole

Chest pain, MI

A

Vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

As effective as codeine without GI or CNS effects at usual doses

A

Dextromethorphan

34
Q

Bleeding

A

Ticagrelor

35
Q

Bleeding

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin
low-molecular-weight heparin
[enoxaparin]

36
Q

Bleeding
Skin necrosis
Fetal toxicity

A

Warfain

37
Q

Bleeding

Thrombocytopenia

A

Abciximab

38
Q

bleeding - no specific antidote

A

Fondaparinux
Rivaroxaban
Bivalirudin
Dabigatran

39
Q

bronchoconstriction, cough, wheezing

A

Cromolyn (Inhaled)

40
Q

can cause allergic or

hypersensitivity reactions as well as coagulopathic effects

A

Colloidal solutions

41
Q

CNS depression

Diminished alertness, slow reaction times, somnolence

A

Cetirizine

42
Q

CNS depression
Diminished alertness, slow reaction times, somnolence

CNS stimulation is a sign of poisoning

Gastrointestinal side effects include: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation

Antimuscarinic side effects include: dry mouth, urinary retention

A

Chlorpheniramine

Diphenhydramine

43
Q 
CNS depression (manifested as drowsiness),
constipation, and potential for abuse
A

Codeine

44
Q

Conjunctival irritation, wheezing and occasional reversible

deterioration in pulmonary function

A

Ribavirin

45
Q

Dizziness and headache
Constipation
Nausea

A

Ranolazine

46
Q

dyspnea, pharyngitis, rhinitis

A

Dornase α

47
Q 
Flushing
Headache
Hypotension
Peripheral edema
Reflex tachycardia
Constipation
Gingival hyperplasia
A

Dihydropyridines: Amlodipine, Nifedipine

48
Q

Flushing → Headache and pruritus of the trunk, face and arms can
occur due to release of prostaglandins
Hyper‐urecemia (↑Uric acid); can precipitate gout
Hyperglycemia
Myopathy
Gastrointestinal disturbances
Hepatotoxicity – monitor with liver function tests
Peptic ulcer reactivation

A

Niacin (Vit B3)

49
Q

generally devoid of sedative effects, antimuscarinic effects and GI
effect

A

Fexofenadine

50
Q

generally devoid of sedative effects, antimuscarinic effects and GI
effect

A

Loratadine

51
Q

GI upset

A

Montelukast

52
Q

GI, upper respiratory tract infection, increased ALT/AST

A

Ivacaftor

Lumacaftor

53
Q

GI: Nausea, diarrhea, weight loss

A

Roflumilast

54
Q

headache and injection site reactions

A

Omalizumab (Intravenous or subcutaneous)

55
Q

Hemorrhage:

a. Lysis of fibrin at sites of vascular injury
b. The systemic lytic state

A

tPA; alteplase

56
Q

hepatitis and upset stomach

A

Zileuton

57
Q

Hypersensitivity
Nephrotoxicity: Risk of tubular necrosis in patients with underlying renal disease or who are
taking potentially nephrotoxic drugs

A

Cephalosporins: Ceftriaxone

58
Q

Hypersensitivity
Neurotoxicity: myoclonus or seizures, agitation, confusion and hallucinations, or lethargy and stupor progressing to coma
Ampicillin rash

A

Ampicillin

59
Q

i. Common: Rash, fever, nausea and vomiting
ii. Increased liver enzymes
iii. Hepatotoxicity
iv. Turns urine orange-red, may stain contact lenses.

A

Rifampin

60
Q

i. Diarrhea, abdominal pain
ii. Bleeding (intracranial, gastrointestinal)
iii. Skin rash, urticaria

A

Clopidogrel

61
Q

i. Gastrointestinal disturbances
ii. Hepatotoxicity
iii. Arthralgias

A

Pyrazinamide

62
Q

i. Gastrointestinal: Anorexia nausea

ii. CNS: Nervousness, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, ataxia

A

Amantadine

63
Q

i. GI effects: Epigastric distress, nausea and vomiting; Ulceration and GI bleeding
ii. Renal failure
iii. Impaired platelet function
iv. Hypersensitivity reactions
v. Salicylate poisoning

A

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)

64
Q

i. Increased liver enzymes
ii. Hepatotoxicity
iii. Peripheral neuropathy: numbness or tingling in the
feet or hands-can be prevented by concurrent administration of
pyridoxine

A

Isoniazid

65
Q

i. Infusion reactions (fever, chills); prevented with antiinflammatory drugs or meperidine
ii. Nephrotoxicity; reversible
iii. Normochromic, normocytic anemia caused by decreased erythropoietin; reversible

A

Amphotericin B

66
Q

i. Nausea, vomiting
ii. Rash
iii. Hepatitis, increase in liver enzymes

A

Fluconazole & Itraconazole (triazoles)

67
Q

i. Nausea, vomiting
ii. Rash
iii. Hepatitis, increase in liver enzymes

Endocrinologic abnormalities, e.g., women, menstrual irregularities;
men, gynecomastia; due to inhibition of steroid biosynthesis

A

Ketoconazole (imidazole)

68
Q

i. Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
ii. Growth suppression
iii. Osteoporosis
iv. Increased intraocular pressure and cataracts

A

Prednisone (oral)

69
Q

Interstitial nephritis: fever, rash, and eosinophilia with hematuria and
proteinuria; reversible

A

Penicillin G

70
Q

Irreversible Ototoxicity: Vestibular and auditory
Reversible Nephrotoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade

A

Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin

71
Q

Minimal adverse reactions - cough, wheezing on inhalation; irritation to nasal mucosa and eye

A

Cromolyn

72
Q

N, V, headache, nervousness, insomnia
Sinus tachycardia & occasional PVCs
Serious arrhythmias, seizures, death

A

Theophylline

Aminophylline

73
Q

Optic neuritis; change in visual acuity, difficulty in seeing the color green

A

Ethambutol

74
Q

oral candidiasis

hoarseness

A

Beclomethasone; budesonide, flunisolide,

fluticasone (Inhaled)

75
Q

Rebound vasodilation and congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa) when
used for long periods
Nasal irritation

A

Phenylephrine (intranasal)

76
Q 
Reflex bradycardia (due to absence of β-adrenergic effects)
Hypertension
Angina
Headache, anxiety
N/V
A

Phenylephrine

77
Q

Regular use can lead to drug tolerance and an increase in

exacerbations

A

Salmeterol (Inhaled)

78
Q

Side effects: GI upset

A

Montelukast

79
Q 
Skin necrosis (extravasation)
Anxiety and headache
A

Norepinephrine

80
Q

Skin necrosis (Extravasation)
Palpitations; angina
Headache
N/V

A

Dopamine

81
Q

Tachycardia

Tolerance

A

Dobutamine

82
Q

Tolerance
Headache
Facial flushing & Postural hypotension

A

Nitroglycerin

Isosorbide dinitrate; Isosorbide mononitrate

Cardiopulm Pharm (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions