CLINICAL TRIALS Flashcards
AFCAPS/TexCAPS study full name
The Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study
AFCAPS/TexCAPS study design
To compare lovastatin 20-40mg daily with placebo for prevention of the first acute major coronary event in 6605 men and women without clinically evident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with average total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C levels and below-average high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels
AFCAPS/TexCAPS study outcome
Lovastatin reduces the risk for the first acute major coronary event in men and women with average TC and LDL-C levels and below-average HDL-C levels. These findings support the inclusion of HDL-C in risk-factor assessment, confirm the benefit of LDL-C reduction to a target goal,
WOSCOPS trial meaning
The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study
WOSCOP trial method
It was a randomized trial comparing pravastatin (40 mg once daily) with placebo in men with no evidence of previous myocardial infarction
WOSCOPS trial conclusion
5 years of treatment with pravastatin was associated with a significant reduction in coronary events for a subsequent 10 years in men with hypercholesterolemia who did not have a history of myocardial infarction
CARDS trial full name
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS)
CARDS trial objective
To determine the effectiveness of the lipid-lowering agent atorvastatin in reducing cardiovascular events and death among diabetic patients with at least one heart disease risk factor, but without elevated cholesterol.
CARDS trial conclusion
Among diabetic patients with at least one heart disease risk factor, but without elevated cholesterol, treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg was associated with a reduction in the primary endpoint of acute coronary heart disease (CHD) death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), hospitalized unstable angina, resuscitated cardiac arrest, coronary revascularization, or stroke compared with placebo, as well as reductions in the secondary endpoint of any cardiovascular disease event.
JUPITER trial full name
Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin
JUPITER trial design
randomly assigned 17,802 apparently healthy men and women with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels of less than 3.4 mmol per liter and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels of 2.0 mg per liter or higher to rosuvastatin, 20 mg daily, or placebo and followed them for the occurrence of the combined primary end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, arterial revascularization, hospitalization for unstable angina, or death from cardiovascular causes.
JUPITER trial conclusion
rosuvastatin significantly reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events.
HPS trial full name
Heart Protection Study
HPS trial design
6748 UK adults with PAD and 13,788 other high-risk participants were randomly allocated to receive 40 mg simvastatin daily or matching placebo, yielding an average LDL cholesterol difference of 1.0 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) during a mean of 5 years
HPS trial conclusion
HPS demonstrates the benefits of cholesterol-lowering statin therapy in patients with PAD, regardless of their presenting cholesterol levels and other presenting features.
Allocation to 40 mg simvastatin daily reduces the rate of first major vascular events by about one-quarter, and that of peripheral vascular events by about one-sixth, with large absolute benefits seen in participants with PAD because of their high vascular risk.
Consequently, statin therapy should be considered routinely for all patients with PAD.
