Clinical Topic 6: Disabilities Flashcards
What is a Mild Learning Disability defined as?
An IQ between 50 and 69
What is a Moderate Learning Disability defined as?
An IQ between 35 and 49
What is a Severe Learning Disability defined as?
An IQ between 20 and 34
What is a Profound Learning Disability defined as?
An IQ < 20
What is the difference between Learning Disability and Learning Difficulty?
Learning Disability: Global impairment
Learning Difficulty: Specific aspect of learning difficult
What are the three core features of a Learning Disability?
- Reduced ability to understand new or complex information (impaired intelligence)
- Reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning)
- ONSET MUST BE BEFORE 18
What are the two most common genetic causes of a Learning Disability?
Down’s syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
Most patients with Learning Disabilities have what severity of their condition? What IQ is this?
Most are mild, with an IQ of 50 - 69
For a Learning Disability to be defined, what is the cut-off IQ for such patients?
2 SDs below the mean, hence < 70
What is the genetic cause of Fragile X syndrome?
Trinucleotide repeat expansion of FMR1 gene on X chromosome
What is the most common mental illness disorder in patients with Learning Disabilities? What are other common conditions?
Schizophrenia (most common)
Alzheimer’s and Autism also common
What are the facial features and additional features in a patient with Fragile X syndrome?
Facial: Large forehead, elongated face, large protruding ears and stabismus (cross eyed)
Other: Macro-orchidism (large testicles), mitral valve prolapse, hyperextendible joints
What heart condition is associated with Down’s syndrome?
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
What heart condition is associated with Fragile X syndrome?
Mitral valve prolapse
Patients with a Mild Learning Disability have a mental age of..?
9 - 12
