Clinical signs

Question 1

What are the clinical signs and atypical presentations of achilles tendinopathy?

Answer 1

Aching pain in heel, aggravated by activity

Stiffness in tendon in morning/ after inactivity

Tenderness, swelling and crepitus along tendon

Gastrocnemius strain depending on location of pain

Question 2

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of ACL

Answer 2

Swelling 1-2 hours after injury
Popping noise
Very quick bruising
Instability/ giving way
Loss of ROM

MCL/ meniscal injury
Fracture
Dislocation (unlikely)

Question 3

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of anterior knee pain

Answer 3

Depends on cause e.g OA would cause morning stiffness

Patellar tendinopathy
Fracture
Haematoma/ contusion

Question 4

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of ATFL

Answer 4

Grade 1 - minimal pain/ tenderness, no instability

Grade 2 - moderate pain/ tenderness, mild- moderate joint instability

Grade 3 - Severe pain and tenderness, no weight bearing, instability

Calcaneofibular ligament
Ankle fracture
Peroneal tendinitis

Question 5

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of MCL

Answer 5

Swelling/tenderness on medial aspect of knee
Unstable, lack of full extension
Potentially stiffer in mornings

Meniscal tear
Fractures patella, femur, tibia

Question 6

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of meniscal injury

Answer 6

Locked knee, patient has to manually release
Pain on squatting/ kneeling/ twisting
Swelling several hours after injury, recurrent swelling
Giving way of knee
Localised pain over anteromedial/ anterolateral joint line

MCL/ ACL
#
Dislocation
OA

Question 7

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of muscle contusion/ haematoma

Answer 7

Tenderness, swelling and pain, pain from site of injury, pain with muscle contraction, increased swelling in first few days

Question 8

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of muscle sprains

Answer 8

Pain
loss of motion
swelling
palpable defect
may worsen with activity
pull sensation

Tendinopathy
Fracture
Muscular tear if no contraction is possible

Question 9

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of Patellar tendinopathy

Answer 9

Anterior knee pain
Aggravated by running, walking downstairs and jumping
Stiffness
Tenderness

Tendon rupture
Patellar dislocation

Question 10

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of tennis elbow

Answer 10

Pain 1-3 days after unaccustomed activity
Stiffness when extending arm
Swollen elbow

Question 11

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of frozen shoulder

Answer 11

Dull or aching pain in shoulder
Pain, then stiffness, then just stiffness with no pain
Difficult to move shoulder
Pain can be worse at night

Rotator cuff tears**
Shoulder impingement

Question 12

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of subacromial pain syndrome

Answer 12

Ache or sharp pain in shoulder, worsens during shoulder elevation
Stiffness or weakness when using arm
Painful arc between 60-120 abduction

Torn rotator cuff

Question 13

What are the symptoms and atypical presentations of OA

Answer 13

Tender joint
Increased pain and stiffness after inactivity
Crackling sound in joint
Weakness/ loss of muscle bull
Limited ROM

Bursitis
Tendinitis
Rheumatoid arthritis