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BACTE LEC (LESSON 15) > Clinical Significant Strep And Strep-like Organisms > Flashcards

Clinical Significant Strep And Strep-like Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the essential virulence factor of S. pyogenes?

A

M protein

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2
Q

This protein is encoded of emm gene.

A

M proteins

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3
Q

How many serotypes of M protein thus S. pyogenes have?

A

80 serotypes

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4
Q

Roles of M protein.

A

Evades phagocytosis
Adhesion to the mucosal cells

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5
Q

The most common serotype of M protein found in pharyngitis.

A

M1

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6
Q

Which of the following is/are not virulence factors of S. pyogenes
A. Fibronectin-binding protein (Protein F)
B. Neuraminidase
C. Streptolysin O
D. Streptokinase

A

B

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7
Q

What are the virulence factors of S. pyogenes?

A

M protein
Lipotechoic acid
Hyaluronic acid capsule
Protein F
Extracellular products
(Enzymes, hemolysin, exotoxins)

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8
Q

What are the extracellular products of S. pyogenes ?

A

Extracellular products
- Streptolysin O
- Streptolysin S
- DNase
-streptokinase
-hyaluronidase
-streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin
(Erythrogenic toxins)

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9
Q

Four immunologically distinct exotoxins types found in S. pyogenes?

A

SpeA
SpeB
SpeC
SpeF

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10
Q

Which virulence factors of S. pyogenes is not for adhesion?
A. M protein
B. protein F
C. Lipotechoic acid
D. Hyaluronic acid capsule

A

D.

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11
Q
  1. Hyaluronic acid capsule:
  2. Streptolysin S:
  3. Streptolysin O:
    A. Weakly immunogenic
    B. Highly immunogenic
    C. Nonimmunogenic
A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
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12
Q

Virulence factor that mask the antigen to avoid phagocytosis.

A

Hyaluronic acid capsule

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13
Q

What is the common DNase in S. pyogenes?

A

DNase B

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14
Q

It is responsible for hemolysis in the SBA plate incubated ANAEROBICALLY.

A

Streptolysin O

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15
Q

The SLO leaves antibodies in hemolysin that can be measured in what test?

A

Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test

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16
Q

It is an oxygen stable type of Streptolysin and resposibel for hemolysis incubated AEROBICALLY.

A

Streptolysin S

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17
Q

This virulence factor of S. pyogenes cause lysis of fibrin clots.

A

Streptokinase

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18
Q

T or F
Group C and G alse have streptokinase.

A

True

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19
Q

It is the spreading factor of S. pyogenes.

A

Hyaluronidase

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20
Q

Some strain of S. pyogenes cause red spreading rash called ____ and cause by what virulence factor?

A
  • Scarlet fever
  • streptococcal pyrogenic exotixins
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21
Q

This virulence factors of S. pyogenes is superantigen.

A

Steptococcal pyrogenic toxins

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22
Q

Clinical infections of S. pyogenes

A
  • Bacterial pharyngitis
  • pyodermal infection
  • necrotizing fasciitis
    -streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
    Poststreptococcal sequelae
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23
Q

Mos common clinical manifestation of GAS infection

A

Bacterial pharyngitis

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24
Q

T or F
Strep throat is usually seen in children between 3-4 yrs. Old.

A

False- 5-15 yrs old

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25
Q

Bacterial pharyngitis could be spread through___.

A

Droplets or close contact

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26
Q

Which is not a pyodermal infection of S. pyogenes?
A. Folliculitis
B. Impetigo
C. Erysipelas
D. Cellulitis

A

A.

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27
Q

This skin infection begins in small vesicles that progress to weeping lesions. Occurs through minor abrasion and isect bites bites.

A

Impetigo

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28
Q

A rare infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues is observed frequently in elderly patients.

A

Erysipelas

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29
Q

Can develop following deeper invasion by strep.

A

Cellulitis

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30
Q

An invasive infection characterized by rapid progressing inflammation and necrosis of the skin, Subcutaneous fat, and fascia.

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

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31
Q

What type of NF cause by polymicrobial infection?

A

Type 1

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32
Q

NF cause only by GAS.

A

Type 2

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33
Q

Type of NF that is a gas gangrene/ clostridial myonecrosis

A

Type 3

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34
Q

This infection of S. pyogenes cause the entire organ system to collapse.

A

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

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35
Q

GAS associated with TSS produce what type of streptoccal pyrogenic exotoxins?

A

SpeA

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36
Q

Two serious complications of Postreptococcal sequelae infection.

A

Rheumatic Fever (RF)
Acute glomerulonephritis

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37
Q

Characterized by fever, an inflammation of the heart, joints, blood vessels, and subcutaneous tissues.

A

Rheumatic fever

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38
Q

Circulating immune complexes found in the serum of patients with___.

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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39
Q

What causes acute glomerulonephritis?

A

Ag-Ab complexes deposits in glomeruli. The complement is fixed, and the inflammatory response cause damage to glomeruli that further damage the kidneys function.

40
Q

What antibiotics is good for S. pyogenes, and what is the alternative?

A

Penicillin
Alternative:
Erythromycin

41
Q

What other components of selective agar for the growth of S. pyogenes?

A

-SMZ (sulfamethoxazole)/ colistin
-polymixin B

42
Q

Key test of S. pyogenes

A

Bacitracin susceptibility (S)
PYR hydrolysis (S)

43
Q

What group of strep. has an acid-stable polysaccharide in cell wall.

A

Group B (S. agalactiae)

44
Q

What is the significant component of Group B strep in their capsule?

A

Sialic acid

45
Q

Other virulence factors of S. Agalactiae.

A

CAMP factor
Hemolysin
DNase
Hyaluronidase
Protease
Neuraminidase

46
Q

This strep. spp. Cause invasive disease in newborn.

A

Group B strep. (S. agalactiae)

47
Q

Two clinical syndromes associated with neonatal GBS.

A

Early-onset infection(<7 days)
Late-onset infection (7days-3months)

48
Q

Manifestation of Early-onset infection.

A

Pneumonia and sepsis

49
Q

Manifestation of late-onset infection

A

Meningitis and sepsis

50
Q

In adult, S. agalactiae affects two type of patients. What are they?

A
  1. Young, previously healthy woman who become ill after childbirth or abortion.
  2. Elder person with serious underlying disease or immunodeficiency.
51
Q

Drug of choice for GBS is__.

A

Penicillin

52
Q

Biochemical test of GBS.

A

-Hippurate hydrolysis (+)
- CAMP test (+)

53
Q

What broth is recommended for detection of GBS in pregnant women?

A

Todd-Hewitt broth

54
Q

Type of broth used in identification of GBS that turns orange/red if positive.

A

StrepB Carrot Broth

55
Q

Large colony forming beta hemolysis belongs to___.

A

S. dysagalactiae subsp. equisimilis

56
Q

Small-colony-forming beta hemolytic is ___.

A

Strep. anginosus

57
Q

What antigen does S. pneumoniae contains?

A

C substance

58
Q

A B-globulin in human serum called ___, reacts with C substance to produce precipitate.

A

C-reactive protein (CRP)

59
Q

How many capsular types does S. pneumoniae have?

A

90 capsular types

60
Q

What test can identify S. pneumoniae?
the presence of this antisera makes the capsule swell called ___ rxn.

A
  • Neufield test
  • Quellung rxn.
61
Q

Significant virulence factor of S. pneumoniae.

A

Capsular polysaccharide

62
Q

All are toxins produced by S. pneumoniae except __.
A. IgA protease
B. Nueraminidase
C. Streptokinase
D. Hyaluronidase

A

C.

63
Q

T or F
S. pneumoniae is the major cause of bacterial pneumonia.

A

True

64
Q

T or F
Bacterial pneumonia is usually in children.

A

False- elderly persons with underlying disease.

65
Q

Which is not a clin. Infections of S. pneumoniae?
A. Mrnigitis
B. Otitis media
C. Sinusitis
D. Cellulitis

A

D

66
Q

What are the 3 pneumococcal vaccines?

A
  • Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vacccine (PCV7)
  • (PCV13)
  • 23-valent vaccine (PS23)
67
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine for children.

A

PCV7

68
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine for adults.

A

PS23

69
Q

Characteristics of S. pneumoniae

A
  • The end of the cell is slightly pointed (lancet shape or oval)
  • diplococci
70
Q

All are media for S. pneumoniae except what?
A. Brain-heart infusion agar
B. MAC
C. TSA with 5% SRBCs
D. CHOC

A

B.

71
Q

Characteristics of young and old culture of S. pneumoniae.

A

Young= round, glistering, wet, mucoid, doomed shaped
Old= appearanc off a coin with a raised rim (collapse of each colony’s center)

72
Q

The colonies are closely resemble to viridans strep.

A

S. pneumoniae

73
Q

Biochem test for Identifying S. pneumoniae.

A
  • Optochin susceptibility (S)
  • Bile solubility test (soluble)
74
Q

Drug of choice for S. pneumoniae.

A

Penicillin
If resistant to Penicillin used:
Erythromycin or chloramphenicol

75
Q

Aside from penicillin, what other classes of drugs is S. pneumoniae resistant?

A

B-lactams
Macrolides
Tetracyclines

76
Q

What are the different groups of Strep. vridans?

A

S. mitis group
S. mutans group
S. salivarius group
S. bovis group
S. anginosus group

77
Q

What are the possible lancefield group of S. anginosus group

A

Group A, C, F, G, N

78
Q

T or F
both S. bovis and Enterococcus are positive bile esculin

A

True

79
Q

T or F
Enterococcal organisms can not grow in nutrient media with 6.5% NaCl.

A

False- nonenterococcal

80
Q

They are the common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Viridans streptococci

81
Q

What oral infection is cause by Viridans streptococci?

A

Gingivitis
Dental caries (cavities)

82
Q

____ is the most commonly isolated among viridans strep. They are the primary contributor to dental cavities.

A

S. mutans

83
Q

Most significant virulence factor of Viridans strep.

A

Polysaccharide capsule and cytolysin

84
Q

T or F
Group C and G posses M protein

A

True

85
Q

T or F
All Viridans strep. are PYR (+) and LAP (-)

A

False
PYR(-)
LAP(+)

86
Q

The common identified species of Enterococcus in clinical specimens are___.

A

E. faecalis
E. faecium

87
Q

T or F
Enterococci has the ability to grow in extreme environment

A

True

88
Q

T or F
1. Enterococcus are susceptible to most multiple antibiotics.

A

False- they are resistant

89
Q

Which is/are not virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis?
A. Extracellular surface adhesin protein
B. Extracellular serine protease
C. Gelatinase
D. Cytolisin
E. Hyaluronidase

A

E.

90
Q

The most common infection by Enterococcus.

A

-UTI
- (2nd) Bacteremia

91
Q

Which is not true about the identification of Enterococcus?
A. Identify through the production of acid.
B. Ability to hydrolyze argine
C. Ability to release enzyme
D. Motility

A

C

92
Q

E. faecalis is easily identified because of their ability to grow in the presence of ___

A

Tellurite

93
Q

Which drugs is/are Enterococcus are resistant?
A. B-lactams
B. Aminoglycosides
C. Glycopeptides
D. Vancomycin

A

All of the above

94
Q

They are formly know as the nutritional variant of strep.

A

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella

95
Q

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella require ___ to grow

A

Sulhydryl compounds

96
Q

Classified as Group N in Lancefield system

A

Lactococcus

BACTE LEC (LESSON 15) (3 decks)

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