Clinical Significance of Physiology Flashcards
What are high BNP levels indicative of?
Heart failure
What muscle protein increases rapidly when a patient is experiencing a myocardial infarction?
Troponon
What type of murmur is common in aortic stenosis?
Creshendo decreshendo murmur
What happens to ESV during aortic stenosis?
ESV is high due to increased afterload which the heart has to overcome in order to expel blood out the ventricles
What is an aortic stenosis?
Aortic valve stenosis — or aortic stenosis — occurs when the heart’s aortic valve narrows. The valve doesn’t open fully, which reduces or blocks blood flow from your heart into the main artery to your body (aorta) and to the rest of your body.
What is BNP?
A protein made by the heart when you have heart failure
Why are neutrophils and WBCs raised during COPD?
Due to infection
What happens to FEV during COPD?
It is lowered
What signs are seen on an X Ray which indicate COPD?
Hyperinflated lungs, barrel shest due to more dead space and Bullae
What may be heard in a patient with systolic heart failure?
Turbulent ventricular filling shown by the presence of the S3 gallop sound on the phonocardiograms.
Why is cardiac output low in a patient with systolic heart failure?
Reduced cardiac output due to contractility, heart muscles have lost elasticity and ability to pump (shown on the Frank-Starling curve)
In asthma, what happens to FEV1 and FVC levels?
FEV1 is lower but does reach max capacity (FVC) as normal
Why is arterial blood gas more acidic in patients with asthma?
Airway hyperresponsiveness leads to hyperventilation and chronic hypocapnia with a consequent increase in renal bicarbonate loss. This results in hyperchloremic acidosis, which becomes more clinically evident-with a clear effect on blood acidity-during severe asthma attacks, in case PCO2 normalizes or increases.
What is seen on a blood film in patients with COPD?
Increased neutrophils which are associated with inflammation in COPD
What happens to FEV1 and FVC in COPD?
Both are reduced
