Clinical Sign Recognition, Spot Diagnosis

Question 1

What causes Koilonychia?

Answer 1

Fe deficiency anaemia

Question 2

What is the pattern of rosacea?

Answer 2

Pustules that look like acne but without comodones

Dilated blood vessels

Symmetrical

Spares the nasolabial folds

Non scarring

Question 3

What are the subtypes of rosacea?

Answer 3

Erythemato-telangiectatic

Papulo-pustular

Ocular

Phymatous

Steroid-induced

Question 4

What causes rosacea?

Answer 4

High concentration of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidins attract neutrophils causing NO release

Question 5

What do you use to treat rosacea?

Answer 5

Metronidazole (an anti-inflammatory effect not anti-microbial)

Azelaic acid

Tetracycline abx

Vascular laser

Question 6

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Answer 6

Skin pathology effecting the face globally

Immune response to malassezia (a fungus)

Scaely dermatosis, dandruff

Question 7

Common causes of perioral dermatitis?

Answer 7

Local or nasal inhaled steroid use

Question 8

What is typical of a malar rash?

Answer 8

Clear demarcated

Scarring

Bilateral

Question 9

In which patient do you usually get Necrobiosis lipoidica?

Answer 9

Insulin dependent diabetics

Question 10

In which condition do you get pyoderma gangrenosum?

Answer 10

IBD

Question 11

What is pyoderma gangrenosum?

Answer 11

Neutrophilic dermatosus

Question 12

What is arcus senilis?

Answer 12

Cholesterol deposits in or hyalinosis of the corneal stroma

Associated with familial hyperlipidaemia

Question 13

What are some causes of loss of eye red reflex?

Answer 13

Retinoblastoma

Detached retina

Question 14

What is the pathonemonic sign of dermatomyositis?

Answer 14

Gottrans papules

Question 15

What do you investigate for in dermatomyositis?

Answer 15

Malignancy as it can be a paraneoplastic effect

Question 16

What is calciphylaxis?

Answer 16

Necrosis of skin and fatty tissue due to calcific uaemic arteiolopathy secondary to renal failure

Question 17

What is kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 17

Endothelial cancer secondary to a oncogenic viral infection (Human herpesvirus 8) secondary to immunesuppression (typically HIV)

Question 18

What is osteogenesis imperfecta? What are some signs?

Answer 18

Brittle bone disease

Scoliosis, blue sclera

Question 19

What is torus palantini?

Answer 19

Benign lump at roof on mouth

Question 20

What is a serious side effect of bisphosphonates?

Answer 20

Osteonecrosis of jaw

Question 21

What is the most common presentation of anthrax infection?

Answer 21

Cutaneous anthrax - painless, itchy bump, black scab

Question 22

What is a granuloma annulare?

Answer 22

A delpayed hypersensitivity reaction to some component of dermis and local inflammation

Round and hard, benign

Question 23

What is erythema multiforme?

Answer 23

Hypersensitivity reaction usually triggered by infections, most commonly herpes simplex virus

Question 24

What is pompholyx?

Answer 24

Common type of eczema affecting the hands and sometimes the feet, commonly in result to heat. Scally and itchy

Question 25

DDx for lesions on palms and soles?

Answer 25

Secondary and congenital syphilis

Hand, foot, and mouth

Kawasaki’s

Infective endocarditis

Question 26

What is toxic epidermal necrolysis?

Answer 26

Rare, acute, serious reaction (commonly drug) where epidermis lifts off

Question 27

What is Henloch-Schonlein purpura? What signs accompany it?

Answer 27

Form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, most often observed in children. Destruction of WBCs

Abdominal pain

Arthritis

Rash

Question 28

What is pyogenic granuloma?

Answer 28

Common skin growth that presents as shiny red mass (raw minced meat appearance).

Commonly follows trauma

Question 29

What is a dermatofibroma?

Answer 29

Common benign fibrous skin lesion

Question 30

What are koplik spots?

Answer 30

Prodromic viral enanthem measles