Clinical reasoning Flashcards

1
Q

Differential diagnoses for degenerative neuro disease

A

Classically storage diseases, chronic progressive diseases, disc diseases

Intervertebral disc disease, Degenerative myelopathy,
Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler syndrome)

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2
Q

Differential diagnoses for anomalous neuro disease

A

Anatomical abnormalities, congenital or developmental

Atlantoaxial instability,
Arachnoid diverticulum,
Vertebral malformation

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3
Q

Differential diagnoses for Metabolic neuro disease

A

Often comes and goes but will be very symmetrical

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4
Q

Differential diagnoses for Neoplastic neuro disease

A

Usually progressive but can present acutely in the spinal cord

Vertebral body osteosarcoma, meningioma,
lymphoma,
glioma

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5
Q

Differential diagnoses for nutritional neuro disease

A

Not many

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6
Q

Differential diagnoses for inflammatory/infectious/idiopathic neuro disease

A

Infectious much less common

Idiopathic epilepsy

Myelitis,
Discospondylitis,
Epidural empyaema, Toxoplasma/Neospora

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7
Q

Differential diagnoses for Traumatic/toxic neuro disease

A

Usually peracute if traumatic

Toxic very symmetrical and generalised

Fracture / luxation,
Acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

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8
Q

Differential diagnoses for Vascular neuro disease

A

Stroke in brain

Fibrocartilaginous embolism

Quite asymmetrical

Signs static or improving with time after an acute episode

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9
Q

Differentials for per-acute onset neuro disease

A

Trauma

Vascular

Acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

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10
Q

Differentials for acute onset neuro disease (spinal)

A

Intervertebral disc extrusion

Inflammatory/infectious

Neoplasia

Atlanto-axial instability

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11
Q

Differentials for chronic onset neuro disease

A

Intervertebral disc protrusion

Wobbler syndrome

Degenerative myelopathy

Neoplasia

Arachnoid diverticulum

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12
Q

Differentials for static neuro disease

A

Trauma

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13
Q

Differentials for deteriorating neuro disease

A

Inflammatory/infectious

Neoplasia

Intervertebral disc disease (variable)

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14
Q

Differentials for waxing/waning neuro disease

A

Inflammatory
Metabolic

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15
Q

Differentials for painful neuro disease

A

Intervertebral disc disease,
Infection/inflammation,
Neoplasia (osteosarcoma),
Trauma,

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16
Q

Differentials for non-painful neuro disease

A

Vascular,
Degenerative Myelopathy,
Neoplasia (intramedullary),
Anomalous (arachnoid diverticulum),

17
Q

Signs of painful neuro disease

A

Crying / vocalising

Reluctance to move

Head down

Reluctance to jump

Depression, reluctance to play, get out of bed

Reaction to palpation

18
Q

Neuro conditions with pain only

A

Type 1 IVDH

Steroid Responsive Meningitis Arteritis

Atlantoaxial instability

Discospondylitis

Syringomyelia

Polyarthritis / polymyositis

Intracranial disease

19
Q

Significant asymmetry common in which neuro disease?

A

vascular conditions (fibrocartilaginous embolism) and acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

20
Q

Which neuro diseases are often symmetrical?

A

Metabolic, toxic, nutritional conditions

21
Q

Medication for painful neuro conditions

22
Q

Medication for inflammatory/immune-mediated neuro conditions

A

Corticosteroids

23
Q

Medication for discospondylytis, empyaema neuro conditions

A

Antibiotics

24
Q

Medication for vascular neuro conditions

A

No response to any

25
Signalment for intervertebal disc extrusion
Chondrodystrophic breeds – dachshund, French bulldog
26
Signalment for degenerative myelopathy
German Shepherd, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Boxer
27
Signalment for atlantoaxial instability
Chihuahua, Yorkshire Terrier
28
Signalment for vertebral abnormalities and arachnoid space disorders
Pug, French Bulldog
29
Signalment for spinocerebellar hereditary ataxia
Jack Russell
30
Signalment for Osseous Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler Syndrome)
Great dane, mastiffs
31
Signalment for Disc Associated Wobbler Syndrome
Doberman
32
More common neuro diseases in juvenile animals (<1yr)
congenital/anomalous conditions e.g. atlantoaxial instability
33
More common neuro diseases in young animals (1-3yrs)
steroid-responsive meningitis/arteritis, inflammatory conditions
34
More common neuro diseases in older animals
Neoplasia, degenerative myelopathy