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SA Neurology > Clinical reasoning > Flashcards

Clinical reasoning Flashcards

1
Q

Differential diagnoses for degenerative neuro disease

A

Classically storage diseases, chronic progressive diseases, disc diseases

Intervertebral disc disease, Degenerative myelopathy,
Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler syndrome)

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2
Q

Differential diagnoses for anomalous neuro disease

A

Anatomical abnormalities, congenital or developmental

Atlantoaxial instability,
Arachnoid diverticulum,
Vertebral malformation

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3
Q

Differential diagnoses for Metabolic neuro disease

A

Often comes and goes but will be very symmetrical

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4
Q

Differential diagnoses for Neoplastic neuro disease

A

Usually progressive but can present acutely in the spinal cord

Vertebral body osteosarcoma, meningioma,
lymphoma,
glioma

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5
Q

Differential diagnoses for nutritional neuro disease

A

Not many

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6
Q

Differential diagnoses for inflammatory/infectious/idiopathic neuro disease

A

Infectious much less common

Idiopathic epilepsy

Myelitis,
Discospondylitis,
Epidural empyaema, Toxoplasma/Neospora

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7
Q

Differential diagnoses for Traumatic/toxic neuro disease

A

Usually peracute if traumatic

Toxic very symmetrical and generalised

Fracture / luxation,
Acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

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8
Q

Differential diagnoses for Vascular neuro disease

A

Stroke in brain

Fibrocartilaginous embolism

Quite asymmetrical

Signs static or improving with time after an acute episode

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9
Q

Differentials for per-acute onset neuro disease

A

Trauma

Vascular

Acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

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10
Q

Differentials for acute onset neuro disease

A

Intervertebral disc extrusion

Inflammatory/infectious

Neoplasia

Atlanto-axial instability

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11
Q

Differentials for chronic onset neuro disease

A

Intervertebral disc protrusion

Wobbler syndrome

Degenerative myelopathy

Neoplasia

Arachnoid diverticulum

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12
Q

Differentials for static neuro disease

A

Trauma

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13
Q

Differentials for deteriorating neuro disease

A

Inflammatory/infectious

Neoplasia

Intervertebral disc disease (variable)

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14
Q

Differentials for waxing/waning neuro disease

A

Inflammatory
Metabolic

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15
Q

Differentials for painful neuro disease

A

Intervertebral disc disease,
Infection/inflammation,
Neoplasia (osteosarcoma),
Trauma,

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16
Q

Differentials for non-painful neuro disease

A

Vascular,
Degenerative Myelopathy,
Neoplasia (intramedullary),
Anomalous (arachnoid diverticulum),

17
Q

Signs of painful neuro disease

A

Crying / vocalising

Reluctance to move

Head down

Reluctance to jump

Depression, reluctance to play, get out of bed

Reaction to palpation

18
Q

Neuro conditions with pain only

A

Type 1 IVDH

Steroid Responsive Meningitis Arteritis

Atlantoaxial instability

Discospondylitis

Syringomyelia

Polyarthritis / polymyositis

Intracranial disease

19
Q

Significant asymmetry common in which neuro disease?

A

vascular conditions (fibrocartilaginous embolism) and acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

20
Q

Which neuro diseases are often symmetrical?

A

Metabolic, toxic, nutritional conditions

21
Q

Medication for painful neuro conditions

A

NSAIDs

22
Q

Medication for inflammatory/immune-mediated neuro conditions

A

Corticosteroids

23
Q

Medication for discospondylytis, empyaema neuro conditions

A

Antibiotics

24
Q

Medication for vascular neuro conditions

A

No response to any

25
Q

Signalment for intervertebal disc extrusion

A

Chondrodystrophic breeds – dachshund, French bulldog

26
Q

Signalment for degenerative myelopathy

A

German Shepherd, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Boxer

27
Q

Signalment for atlantoaxial instability

A

Chihuahua, Yorkshire Terrier

28
Q

Signalment for vertebral abnormalities and arachnoid space disorders

A

Pug, French Bulldog

29
Q

Signalment for spinocerebellar hereditary ataxia

A

Jack Russell

30
Q

Signalment for
Osseous Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler Syndrome)

A

Great dane, mastiffs

31
Q

Signalment for Disc Associated Wobbler Syndrome

A

Doberman

32
Q

More common neuro diseases in juvenile animals (<1yr)

A

congenital/anomalous conditions e.g. atlantoaxial instability

33
Q

More common neuro diseases in young animals (1-3yrs)

A

steroid-responsive meningitis/arteritis, inflammatory conditions

34
Q

More common neuro diseases in older animals

A

Neoplasia, degenerative myelopathy

SA Neurology (11 decks)

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