Clinical Reasoning. Flashcards
What is Clinical reasoning?
- The thinking process associated with the practice of care
- Process of making well judged decisions in specialist settings
clinical reasoning is dependent on critical thinking and is influenced by an individuals thinking, perspective and attitude
What is clinical reasoning?
The process by which we collect cues and process the information.
How we understand patient problem or situation
Being able to plan, evaluate outcomes and reflect on the process
How is an individual that utilities critical thinking (CT) different from someone that doesn’t ?
- CT is curious about the reason behind ideas and action VS non CT is not interested in facts and reasons behind actions
- CT= thought and knowledge orientated, Non CT= Task orientated
- CT = makes decisions based on facts, NON CT= decisions based on feelings
- CT = thinks independently but sees limitation of doing so
- NON CT = relies on other people
What is a barrier to clinical reasoning?
Beliefs and assumptions of an individual
having an assumption of certain people,i,e elderly patients have dementia
this can lead to incorrect reasoning meaning leads to wrong diagnosis and wrong care
What dispositions does a professional individual have to have for clinical reasoning?
- Confidence in knowledge and ability & prior clinical experience
- Creativity in thought process, have to be able to adapt to different patients exams
- Flexibility, being able to adapt to different situations, teamwork, patient
- Inquisitive ( what else do i need to learn/know to provide the best care) Fact finding, asking patients for more information to understand
- Intuition, comes with experience and knowledge
- Open-minded, different ways of doing things, different patient preferences
- Perseverance, being able to recognize your mistakes and learn from them
- Reflective- going back and reflecting on skills and what we need to improve on
What does Clinical Reasoning include?
Being able to have specialized cognitive process when evaluating data
Problem solving and Decision making
Critical skills for professional autonomy, being competent and taking accountability
Reflective thinking
Critical thinking
Self-awareness
What are the elements in Clinical reasoning process?
- Use of knowledge- being able to effectively use data, or successfully gathering data to make a clinical decision
How does Cognition play apart of clinical reasoning?
COGNITION- how we analyse, synthesize, and EVALUATE CLINICAL DATA
this shows our understanding, being able to apply our theory to practice
TRANSFERRING THEORY INTO PRACTICE, = forming a hypothesis/plan of action based on analysis of data
Being able to recognize patterns, data to form a plan of action as to how to handle a situation or provide best care
How does META-COGNITION play apart of clinical reasoning?
- Awareness and monitoring of the cognition process done
being able to be self-aware and ask myself what else do i need to know - Reflecting on soundness of thinking, is thought process/data ACCURATE, RELIABLE, VALID
Testing hypothesis, reflecting on thinking process if anything has gone wrong
What are the 8 stages of clinical reasoning?
- Observe - observing patient listing facts
- Collect - detailed info from pt, past history and present symptoms
- Process - Examining/Processing the collected info for best Plan Of Action
- Decide - best treatment for diagnosis using analysis of patient data
- Plan - creating detailed treatment plan, consulting with experts
- Act - delivering treatment plan effectively and accurately
- Evaluate - treatment plan outcome to see effectiveness
- Reflect - reflecting on outcomes and seeing what needs to be changed
How to tackle problem using Clinical reasoning?
- Knowledge
- What do I know?
- What do I need to know?
- How can I find out? - Cognition
- If I combine the knowledge what conclusions can I make? - Metacognition
What are my prejudices?
How reliable was the source of my knowledge?
Am I using a reasonable judgment?
How to get information for clinical reasoning?
- Rule of thumb, i.e if patient comes in with a thick plaster make sure to increase Kvp something that an individual has picked up
- Intuition
- Text books
- Trial and error
- Reflective practice
- Websites
- Evidence based practice
What is Clinical Thinking in clinical settings?
- Allows you to reflect on information you already have or have gained
- Being intuitive, always questioning clinical decisions and whether information is valid
- Helps you analyse data, and develops problem solving skills
- Being logical in though process and developing rigid though process
- Testing validity, of decisions
- Making judgement/ decision based on information and critical thinking of information
- gives a reason for though processes. why am i making these decisions? in order to be accountable if decisions are challenged
Why is clinical thinking important?
- Links theory to practice using experience and professionalism
- Informs decision making and clinical judgement
- enables holistic approach to care
- responsibility to uphold highest standards of care where patients are at the heart of decision making
- Allows for accountability, because if you question your decisions you are able to explain them if they are challenged
- Poor clinical reasoning means that practitioners fail to see signs and symptoms leading to deterioration and fail to deliver the best care due to not questioning decisions and information.
What are the 3 types of Clinical reasoning?
- Procedural reasoning
- Interactive reasoning
- Conditional (predictive) reasoning
