Clinical Psychology Flashcards
(55 cards)
Cultural Competence
Described by Sue and Sue (2003) as involving THREE competencies: (1) the therapist’s awareness of his/her cultural assumptions, values, and beliefs; (2) knowledge about the worldviews of culturally diverse clients; and (3) skills that enable him/her to provide interventions that are appropriate and effective for culturally different clients.
Healthcare Systems
The collaborative effort between institutions and professional to provide services to the public
Solution-Focused Therapy (Questions)
___ therapists focus on solutions to problems rather than on the problems themselves. In therapy the client is viewed as the expert while the therapist acts as a consultant/collaborator who poses questions designed to assist the client in recognizing and using his/her strengths and resources to achieve specific goals
-e.g., the miracle question, exception questions, and scaling questions
Group Therapy - formative stages
Therapy groups typically pass through THREE formative stages - (1) orientation, participation, search for meaning, and dependency; (2) conflict, dominance, and rebellion; (3) development of cohesiveness.
Group Therapy - cohesiveness
Yalom described ___ as the most important curative factor provided by group therapy and the analog for the therapist-client relationship in individual therapy.
Group Therapy - how to prevent premature termination
Yalom proposes that prescreening of potential group members and post-selection preparation can reduce ___ from group therapy and enhance therapy outcomes.
Separation-Individuation (Margaret Mahler)
Mahler’s version of object relations theory focuses on the processes by which an infant assumes his/her own physical and psychological identity.
-Includes several phases; the development of OBJECT RELATIONS occurs during the separation-individuation phase which begins at FOUR TO FIVE months of age.
Source of adult psychopathology (according to Mahler)
Traced to problems that occurred during separation-individuation
Object-Relations Family Therapy
For object-relations family therapists, maladaptive behavior is the result of both intrapsychic and interpersonal factors. The primary goal of therapy is to resolve each family member’s attachment to family introjects and involves addressing multiple transferences
Multiple Transferences
Transferences of one family member to another, transference of each member to the therapist, and transferences of the family as a whole to the therapist.
Projective Identification in Object-Relations Family Therapy
___ is the primary source of dysfunction, which occurs when a family member projects old introjects onto another family member and then reacts to that person as though he/she actually has the projected characteristics or provokes the person to behave in a way that is consistent with those characteristics.
What is the dose-dependent effect? And who came up with it?
Howard et al. (1996) identified a ___ of psychotherapy - i.e., about 75% of patients show measurable improvement at 26 sessions and that number increases to about 85% at 52 sessions.
What is Howard and colleagues’ phase model and its phases?
-Howard et al. (1996) also identified a ___, which predicts that the effects of psychotherapy are related to the number of sessions and distinguishes between three phases: (1) remoralization; (2) remediation; and (3) rehabilitation.
Feminist Therapy
___ is based on the premise that ‘the personal is political.’ It focuses on empowerment and social change and acknowledges and minimizes the power differential inherent in the client-therapist relationship.
Feminist Therapy vs Nonsexist Therapy
Nonsexist therapy focuses more on the personal causes of behavior and personal change whereas feminist therapy focuses on empowerment and social change.
Self-in-relation theory
___ applies to feminism to object relations theory and proposes that many gender differences can be traced to differences in the early mother-daughter and mother-son relationship.
Cybernetics
___ is concerned with communication processes and distinguishes between negative and positive feedback loops.
Positive vs negative feedback loops
-A negative feedback loop reduces deviation and helps a system maintain the staus quo
-A positive feedback loop amplifies deviation or change and thereby disrupts the system.
Acculturation (Berry)
According to ___, a person’s level of ___ can be described in terms of four categories that reflect the person’s adoption of his/her own culture and the culture of the dominant group
-e.g., integration, assimilation, separation, or marginalization.
Resilience
The psychological capacity to cope with socio-environmental challenges.
Structural Family Therapy
Developed by Minuchin, ___ emphasizes altering a family structure in order to change the behavior patterns of family members.
Boundaries in Minuchin’s Structural Family Therapy
___ are rules that determine the amount of contact that is allowed between family members.
They are one element of the family structure and can fluctuate.
-When ___ are overly rigid, family members are DISENGAGED
-When ___ are too diffuse or permeable, family members are ENMESHED.
Minuchin’s three chronic boundary problems:
(1) detouring
(2) stable coalition
(3) triangulation
-also called rigid triads
Racial/cultural identity development model (Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, 1993)
Distinguishes between five stages that people experience as they attempt to understand themselves in terms of their own minority culture, the dominant culture, and the oppressive relationship between the two cultures.
