clinical psychology

Question 1

stress?

Answer 1

emotion, attribution
lager well being, systems
differ response, thought
pathologies
treatment
allocasting load

Question 1

fear anxiety?

Answer 1

anxiety: general feeling of apprehension about a possible future event (cognitive/subjective, psychological, behavioral components)
fear: preoccupation of an imminent threat
phobia: persistent disproportionate fear of something
anxiety disorder:
- specific phobia
- social anxiety
- panic disorder
- agarophobia
- GAD

Question 2

specific phobia?

Answer 2

specific phobia ( persistent/ impair, representation, excessive)
Panalytic view: displaced, symbolic , phobia are defense anxiety
learned behavior, conditioning
treatment ( exposure, participant modeling, virtual reality)

Question 3

social anxiety disorder?

Answer 3

disabling, social situ, perfomance, non, evaluated, avoid, persistent, impair)
adolescence
causes: learned from conditioning, social defeat, predisposition, overprotective parents, exposure to uncontrollable events
treatment: exposure, cognitive restructuring, negative thoughts, logical reanlysis , focus of attention, antidepressant

Question 4

panic disorder?

Answer 4

recurrent, unexpected, fear of occurence, automatic thoughts are usually the trigger
panic circle > worry, sensatio> catastrophize > worry > sensation > attack
due to an interoceptive conditioning process, neutral stimulus associated with panic
anticipatory anxiety
tretament: prolongued exposure, interoceptive exposure (internal sensation)
panic control treatment ( panic, safety behavior, logical errors, exposure, d clycloserine)

Question 5

agarophobia?

Answer 5

concern of the occurence of. apanic attack, avoid situation, afraid no escape, debilitating no leave, avoid arousal,
causes: genetics, sensitivity to fear network, hyper sensitibity to body sensations
tretament: prolongued exposure, interoceptive exposure (internal sensation)
panic control treatment ( panic, safety behavior, logical errors, exposure, d clycloserine)
20-40

Question 6

generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer 6

future oriented mood state, apprehension, procastination, checking
p analytic : conflict ego id, id repressed
due to trauma, exposure to uncotrollable events
treatment: behavioral tecniques, benzodiazepines

Question 7

neutrasmitter that play a role in anxiety

Answer 7

gaba, corticotropinn relasing hormone

Question 8

OCD

Answer 8

occurence of obsessive thoughts followed by compulsive behvaior to cope with the thought.
ritulistic behviors, goal of preventing and reducing distress , followed by a release of tension. attempt to suppress > frequency
clomipramine, fluoxetine, serotonin, dysfuction of cortico basal ganglionic thalamic circuit

exposure and response preventiojn, clomipramine, fluoxetine, d cycloserine

Question 9

body dysmorphic disorder?

Answer 9

preocupation of body aspects, compulsive checking, adolescence
due to social cultural factors
treatment: ssri, exposure to stimuli, prevention of responses

Question 10

hoarding and trichotillomania?

Answer 10

fail to discard compulsive hair pulling, tension > pleausre

Question 11

mood disorder?

Answer 11

involve severe alterations in mood for much longer periods (depression, mania, hypomanic)
- unipolar depressive disorder (melancholic, psychotic, atypical, catatonic, seasonal) presistent double
- bipolar ( I,II, cyclothimic)

=/ depressive episode and major depressive ( lability mood, psychotic, psychomotor retardation/ anxiery, physical complaint weight loss, agtation)

Question 12

bowly loss and grieving process

Answer 12

numbing disbelief, searching, disorganiztaion, reorganization 2-6 m peak, 2 m no diagnose

Question 13

post partum blues

Answer 13

10 days after, moo change, cry, sad, irritable 50-70%

Question 14

genetic factor in mood disorders?

Answer 14

serotonin trasporter gene, monoamine theory serotonin and dopamine receptors, hormonal causes, dexaethasone, thyroid hormone, anetrior prefrontal cortex left

Question 15

causal factor mood disorder, depression ?

Answer 15

stressful life events, loneliness, isolation, lack of socila support, neuroticism,early environemnt, freud anger inward
behavioral no positive reinforcement, cogntive beck

Question 16

beck cognitive theory on depression?

Answer 16

dysfuncional beliefs > depressogenic schemaas> predispose, activate to stressor > negative automatic thoughts (negtaive cogntive triad) > vulnerbale to depression (biases like dichotmus, selective abstraction, arbitraryt inference)

Question 17

helpnes and hopelessness theory on depression?

Answer 17

seligman, animal model, no control over aversive events, learn to be helpless unmotivated to respond, > attribution Abramson to the cause > internal stable global > depression

Question 18

ruminative respose style theory of depression? nolen hoeksema

Answer 18

ruminative response to feeling of sadness, repetetive and passive mental activity with no problem solving attitude

Question 19

biopolar biological causes?

Answer 19

dopamine, serotonin and norephinephrine, cortisol, thyroid hormone, blood flow, basal ganglia and amygdala enlarged

Question 20

mood disorder therapy?

Answer 20

SSRis, bupropion, venfaxine, 3-5 week efcet, lithium, anticonvulsant, electroconvulsive therapy, transcrnaical magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, bright light therapy
CBT here now problem
mindfulness
BAT
interpersonal therapy

Question 21

sucide?

Answer 21

non suicidial self inhury and suicidal behvaior
probelm objectively, evaluate action
maltretamnet, instability family
- supportive cntect, hot line, realize distress and impaied ability to assess, not endless

Question 22

joiner interpersonal psychological model of suicide?

Answer 22

burdensomeness and aloness, third factor acquired capity to commit suicide

Question 23

history?

Question 24

abnormality?

Answer 24

definition
causes
diagnose
culture

Question 25

somatic disorder?

Answer 25

somatic symptom disease (hypervigilant, bodily sensations, worry) treatment physician, relaxation, activities, cogntive restructuring, antidepressant serotonin reuptake inhibitors
illness anxiety disease
conversion disorder (sensory, motor, seizure, , mixed) repressed sexual energy,treatment excercise problem solving
factious disorder

Question 26

dissociative disorder?

Answer 26

depersonalization, derealzation
dissociative amnesia
dissociative identity disorder
trauma theory
sociocognitve theory
hypnosis, antidepressant, antianxiety, benzodiazepine, reestablish connection

Question 27

personality disorder?

Answer 27

definitiion
disorder
three clusters

Question 28

cluster a?

Answer 28

• paranoid, (suspicious, distrust, violent, ongard, clear contact)
• schizoid (social and interpersonal deficit, lack of interest, introverted, no strong emotion, solitary),
• schizotypal (social anxiety, fear of closeness, paranoia, introverted, perceptional experiences, magical thinking)
   Causes: genetic, environmental, stressful life event, status
   Treatment: CBT, supportive therapy, family
    schizophrenia, no hallucination, interpersonal difficulties, odd

Question 29

cluster B?

Answer 29

• histrionic (attention, theatrical, attention, dramatic, manipulate, provocative, exaggerating, uncomfortable, lack of boundaries, suggestible, intimate)high extroversion
   appeasing (compulsivity), vivacious (seductive), tempestuous (negative) disingenuous ( antisocial) theatrical (dramatic), infantile (borderline)
   causes: parenting, boundaries, genetic, childhood trauma
• narcissistic (self importance, admired, lack of empathy, success brilliance power, advantage, other do what he said, envy, superiority) low agreeableness, low openness
   grandiose (dominance, overestimate, entitlement)
   vulnerable (fragile, instable, cover arrogance, fantasies of outstanding)
   causes: parents, genetics, neurobiology
• antisocial ( disregard, violation, impulsivity, deceitful, failure to conform, irritability, lack of remorse)
   cause: maoa gene, conduct disorder, substance use disorder, jail, trauma, academic performance
• borderline ( unstable self identity, impulsivity, affective instability, paranoid, fear of abandonment, suicidal threats, emptiness, anger) multidimensional theory
   causes: abuse, trauma, substance use disorder, maternal bonding, genetics, amygdala activation
   5 of symptoms

Question 30

cluster c?

Answer 30

• Avoidant personality disorder (inadequacy, rejection, criticism, disapproval, work other, extereme worry)
• Dependent personality disorder ( submissive, abuse, separation)
   Causes: abuse, trauma, genetics
• Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (perfectionism, control, organization, efficiency, inflexibility, discard object, delegate, stubbornness)
   Treatment: reducing subject distress, dysfunctional behavior, difficult, PA, DBT, SSRi
  « Psychopath: interpersonal,( grandiouse charming, manipulative) affective (emphaty, guilt, love) lifestyle (bored, impulsive) antisocial (bheviorala problem criminality) successful/unsuccessful
   Causes: amygdala, genetics, temperament, hypersensitivity to reward
   Treatment: CBT prosocial behavior, biological reluctant

Question 31

substance related disorder?