Clinical Prevention: Dietary Advice Flashcards
what medial and dental disorders can sugar implicate
overweight and obesity, type 2 diabetes, dental caries
what does the eatwell plate recommend about fruit and vegetables
at least 5 portions a day, increase fruit and vegetables
what does the eatwell plate say about fibre rich starchy foods
increase them, base your meals on starchy foods but choose wholegrain, plenty of bread, rice, potatoes, and pasta
what does the eatwell plate say about saturated fats?
decrease consumption, low saturate fats should be used
what does the eatwell plate say about milk and dairy foods?
choose lower-fat content
what does the eatwell plate say about high fat and sugar?
just a small amount of foods
what are sugary foods and drinks best taken?
at meal times
What are the 2 main classifications of sugars?
intrinsic and extrinsic
what are instrinsic sugars?
inside the cell e.g. raw fruit
what are extrinsic sugars?
not inside the cell
name the different typed of extrinsic sugars
milk sugars, non-milk sugars, fruit juices, recipe sugar, table sugar
comment on the metabolism of glucose and sucrose
they are rapidly metabolised to produce lots of acid mainly lactic
what does starch breakdown to give?
glucose, maltose, limit dextrins
what does the rate of starch breakdown do?
limit glycolytic activity
comment on the metabolism of glucose, maltose and limit dextrins
slow metabolism producing less acid mixed types
what is homofermentation?
rapid metabolism
what is heterofermentation?
slow metabolism
what are the factors that give rise to dental caries?
host susceptible tooth, substrate from diet (sugar), bacteria, time
what type of teeth and sugar intake are more associated with high levels of caries?
high frequency sugar intake and younger teeth
what does a lower plaque pH favour?
demineralisation and acid production
at what time after ingesting sugar has the plaque pH fallen to the minimum value?
5 minutes
what does the return to neutral pH depend on?
salivary flow rate buffering capacity
how do we manage dental caries in children?
give dietary advice at least one, advise or remind the child/parent about how a healthy diet ca help prevent caries, limit consumption of sugar containing food and drink, snack on healthier foods which are low in sugar, no sugar in formula milk, no eating or drinking after brushing at night
name some intense artificial sweeteners
aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame K, saccharin, cheap sugar substitutes