Clinical Pharmacy Flashcards
Pregnancy category
Metformin
Type B
Pregnancy category
Losartan
Type D
Symptoms in the past months and not related to chief complain
Review of Systems
Instruction to patient
Signa/Transcription
Medication Errors
Reach the patient; no harm
Type C
Medication errors
Reach the patient; no harm but increase monitoring
Type D
A and B = same benefit; different cost (cheaper)
Cost Minimization
Study Designs
Disadvantage: recall bias
Advantage: inexpensive
Case control/Retrospective
Most common type of anemia; decrease serum ferritin, increase total iron binding capacity
Iron deficiency anemia
Urinalysis:
Presence of RBC
stones, renal cancer, bleeding disorder
Presence of reticulocytes or young RBC (increase of decrease blood loss)
Increase blood loss
Lymphocytes: viral infection
Neutrophils: ________
Bacterial infection
LDH 1 and 2: heart
LDH 5: __________
Liver and skeletal muscle
End product of protein metabolism
Blood Urea Nitrogen
End product of nucleoprotein metabolism
Uric acid
More specific in liver
ALT/SGPT
Too much increase in alkaline
Biliary obstruction
Paget’s disease
Osteomalacia
Hypervitaminosis D (high or low phosphate)
High phosphate
Diarrhea (high or low Mg)
Low Mg (other effects: malabsorption, diuretics, hyperaldosteronism)
Salbutamol can: increase or decrease potassium
Increase K (other agents that increase K: Ca-gluconate, Bicarbonate, Insulin glucose
