Clinical Pharmacology Exam IV Flashcards
What are some of the different ways that drugs can affect the blood?
Fill in the blanks.
List some of the different drugs that we use that affect the blood.
Hemostasis occurs in four simple steps, what are they?
Describe the process of vasoconstriction and platelet adherence/activation.
Describe the process of platelet activation and formation of a platelet plug.
Describe the process of activating the coagulation cascade (extrinsic pathway).
Describe the process of activating the coagulation cascade (intrinsic pathway).
Describe the formation of a fibrin plug.
Describe the process of fibrinolysis.
What is the MOA of clopidogrel?
Describe the metabolism and duration of clopidogrel.
What are the indications for clopidogrel?
What are the side effects of clopidogrel?
What is the MOA of heparin?
How do we monitor a patient who is on heparin? What is the onset?
What are the indications and side effects of heparin?
Describe the use and MOA of low molecular weight heparins.
What is the MOA of warfarin?
How do we monitor patients on warfarin?
What are the indications and side effects of warfarin?
What is the MOA of aminocaprioic acid?
What are the indications for aminocaproic acid?
What is vitamin K1? What is the MOA?
What are the indications for vitamin K1?
What is desmopressin? What is the MOA?
What are the indications for desmopressin?
List some of the different drugs that have an effect on the production of red blood cells.
What is erythropoietin/darbepoetin? Describe their MOA.
Briefly compare and contract erythropoietin and darbepoetin.
What are the side effects of erythropoietin and darbepoetin?
Describe the use of folate in our small animal patient.
Describe the use of cobalamin in our small animal patient.
Deficiencies in folate or cobalamin result in ____ and are commonly seen in patients with ____.
Describe the importance of iron in the maintenance of healthy RBC.
What is the MOA of molidustat?
Molidustat will cause a significant increase in ___ in 21-28 days but has a reduced efficacy in patients with ____.
Describe the MOA of vincristine.
Describe the inactions and metabolism/excretion of vincristine.
What effect does vincristine have on platelets?
Describe the use of Janus kinase inhibitors in veterinary medicine.
Describe the use of oclacitinib in veterinary medicine.
Describe the use of ilunocitinib in veterinary medicine.
Describe the importance of type I cytokine receptors.
_____ are drugs that can be used to modify immune responses for therapeutic benefit.
What are immunosuppressive drugs?
What are promoters of tolerance?
What are immunostimulants?
What are immunizations?
Immunosuppressants are used when the immune system is _____ or to prevent ___.
_____ are the most common drug used for suppressing the immune response.
Describe the MOA of glucocorticoids.
The effects of glucocorticoids differ based on receptor saturation and plasma membrane levels. Low levels have ____ and high levels have ___.
Describe the MOA of calcineurin inhibitors in veterinary medicine. Provide examples.
Describe the side effects and metabolism of calcineurin inhibitors.
Describe the MOA of mycophenolate.
Describe the side effects and onset of mycophenolate.
Describe the MOA of leflunomide.
Describe the side effects and onset of leflunomide.
Describe the MOA of azathioprine.
Describe the side effects and onset of azathioprine.
Describe the MOA of methotrexate.
Describe the side effects and onset of methotrexate.
In addition to inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, what other effects does methotrexate have?
Describe the MOA of cyclophosphamide.
Differentiate between the effects of high doses and low doses of cyclophosphamide.
Describe the MOA of mTOR inhibitors. What are the side effects?
Describe the MOA of monoclonal antibodies.
Describe the use of gamma globulin therapy as an immunosuppressive drug.
