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Endocrinology > Clinical Pharmacology > Flashcards

Clinical Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of thyroid hormones?

A
  • Levothyroxine
  • Liothyronine
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2
Q

What are indications for thyroid hormones?

A

Hypothyroidism

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3
Q

What are adverse reactions to thyroid hormones?

A

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:

  • Diarrhoea
  • Arrhythmias
  • Angina
  • Tremor
  • Restlessness
  • Insomnia
  • Headache
  • Flushing
  • Heat intolerance
  • Weight loss
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4
Q

What are examples of anti-thyroid drugs?

A
  • Carbimazole
  • Propylthiouracil
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5
Q

What are contraindications for anti-thyroid medications?

A
  • Severe haematological disorders
  • Hepatic impairment
  • Renal impairment
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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6
Q

How does carbimazole work?

A

Carbimazole is metabolised to methimazole. This acts by inhibiting thyroid peroxidise and thereby the production of thyroid hormones

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Propylthiouracil?

A

Propylthiouracil acts in a similar way through the same enzyme pathway. It has an additional effect of blocking T4 conversion to T3 in the liver and other tissues.

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8
Q

What are adverse reactions to carbimazole?

A
  • GI disturbance
  • Rash and itch
  • Agranulocytosis/bone marrow suppression
  • Myopathy
  • Jaundice
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9
Q

What are adverse drug reactions to Propylthiouracil?

A
  • Serious liver toxicity
  • GI disturbance
  • Rash and itch
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Myopathy
  • Jaundice
  • Nephritis
  • Lupus-like syndromes
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10
Q

What are examples of dopaminergic drugs used in endocrine disorders?

A
  • Bromocriptine
  • Cabergoline
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11
Q

What are dopaminergic drugs used for in endocrine disorders?

A
  • Prolactinoma
  • Acromegaly
  • Parkinsons
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12
Q

What are contraindications to dopaminergic medications?

A
  • Hypersensitivity to ergot derivatives
  • Cardiac valvuloplasty
  • Pre-eclampsia
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13
Q

WHat is the mechanism of dopamine agonist in treating prolactinoma and acromegaly?

A

Dopamine inhibits prolactin and GH secretion

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14
Q

What are examples of somatostatin analogues?

A
  • Octreotide
  • Lanreotide
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15
Q

When are somatostatin analogues indicated for use?

A
  • Acromegaly
  • Carcinoid syndrome
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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of somatostatin analogues?

A

Somatostatin inhibits production of growth hormone and IGF-1, along with a range of other effects on the GI tract. It is therefore, treatment of choice in acromegaly and a range of endocrine tumours, assuming debulking pituitary surgery is not required.

17
Q

What are adverse reactions associated with somatostatin analogues?

A
  • GI upset
  • Steatorrhoea
  • Impaired glucose tolerance
  • Gallstones
  • Irritation at injection sites

Endocrinology (17 decks)

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