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DWT Exam 2 > Clinical Pathology > Flashcards

Clinical Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

where do Leukocytes originate from?

A

The bone marrow

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2
Q

What are increased and decreased leukocytes called?

A

Increased= Leukocytosis
Decreased= Leukopenia

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3
Q

What are increased and decreased Lymphocytes called?

A

Increased= Lymphocytosis
Decreased= Lymphopenia

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4
Q

What are increased and decreased Monocytes called?

A

Increases= Monocytosis
Decreased= Monocytopenia (not clinically rellevant)

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5
Q

What are increased and decreased Neutrophils called?

A

Increased= Neutrophilia
Decreased= Neutropenia

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6
Q

What are increased and decreased Eosinophils called?

A

Increased= Eosinophilia
Decreased= Eosinopenia

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7
Q

What are increased and decreased Basophils called?

A

Increased= Basophilia
Decreased= Basopenia (not clinically rellevant)

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8
Q

How do we find absolute cell counts for WBC?

A

Take the % and make it a decimal
decimal x 10,000= absolute number of cell type

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9
Q

What is the normal limit for WBC?

A

5,000-10,000

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10
Q

How do we find the corrected WBC (cWBC)?

A

WBC x100 / (100+nRBC)
The nRBC have been checked via a blood smear

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11
Q

What is the formula for finding absolute WBC counts?

A

Absolute WBC counts= Relative WBC % in decimal form x total WBC count

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12
Q

What is the order of Neutrophil maturation?

A

Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte, Metamyelocyte, Band Neutrophils, Segmenter Neutrophils

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13
Q

Which are the proliferating cells of Neutrophils?

A

Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, and Myelocyte

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14
Q

Which are Maturaiton cells of Neutrophils?

A

Metamyelocyte, Band Neutrophils, and Segmenter Neutrophils

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15
Q

If dogs and cats have a large marginal pool with more segmented neutrophils then….

A

…..They should not have many band neutrophils in circulation

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16
Q

If cattle and horses have a small storage pool of segmented neutrophils then….

A

… They should have more band neutrophils in circulation than dogs and cats

17
Q

What does a degenerative left shift look like?

A

The number of band neutrophils out number the neutrophils & in come cases there is a neutropenia.

Increased bands, neutropenia OR normal to neutrophilia but bands are still greater than neutrophils

18
Q

What does a regenerative left shift look like?

A

There is an increased number of neutrophils in the blood, absolute number & bands are increased. The number of neutrophils are greater than the bands

THIS IS A NORMAL LEUKOGRAM

19
Q

What is the significance of a Degenerative Left shift tell us?

A

the bone marrow cannot keep up with the peripheral demand for neutrophils; interpreted as “overwhelming inflammation” and often suggests a poor prognosis

20
Q

What does a deep left shift look like and what does this tell us?

A

There are circulating metamyelocytes or myelocyte which means that there is demand on the marrow to produce these cells

21
Q

What is the significance of a regenerative left shift?

A

the bone marrow is responding to tissue inflammation & releasing earlier neutrophils (bands) from the maturation pool

22
Q

What do diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia look like?

A

due to a greateramount of RNA; mild diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia

Can be normal in cats

23
Q

What do Dohle bodies look like?

A

blue grey, amorphous or angular cytoplasmic inclusions; reflects stacks of retained endoplasmic reticulum

1-2 Dohle bodies can be normal in cats

24
Q

What does toxic vacuolization look like?

A

indistinct or frothy cytoplasmic vacuoles due to dispersed organelles; not to be confused with discrete round vacuoles caused by prolonged exposure to EDTA

25
Q

What does toxic granulation look like?

A

dust-like purple to dark pink cytoplasmic granules

26
Q

what features does a minimal to mild neutrophil toxicity need to have?

A

1 or 2 of the most common morphological features

27
Q

what features does a minimal to mild neutrophil toxicity need to have?

A

1 or 2 of the most common morphological features

28
Q

what features does a moderate neutrophil toxicity need to have?

A

usually 2 of the 3 most common morphologic features

29
Q

what features does a marked neutrophil toxicity need to have?

A

all 3 of the common features and/or toxic granulation

30
Q

What is the significance of a morula?

A

Indicates infectious agents such as anaplasma, ehrlichia, and distemper

Common in dogs and horses

DWT Exam 2 (6 decks)

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