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DWT Exam 2 > Bacteriology Gram Negative > Flashcards

Bacteriology Gram Negative Flashcards

1
Q

What bacteria are gram negative enterobacterales rods?

A

E. coli
Salmonella
Yersinia
Klebsiella pneumonia
Proteus

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2
Q

What bacteria are gram negative pasteurella rods?

A

Pasteurella
Mannheimia
Actinobacillus
Histophilus/Glaess/Avi

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3
Q

What are the shared features of enterobacterales?

A

Gram negative rods
Facultative anaerobic
Oxidase negative
Flagella
grows on blood agar and MacConkey’s agar+/- fermentation

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4
Q

Should you see gram negative cocci?

A

No, because there aren’t any gram negative cocci that are important in veterinary medicine

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5
Q

What do entereobacterales look like on a blood agar plate?

A

Grey colonies

Proteus swarms the plate

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6
Q

What are the lactose fermenting bacteria within enterobacterales?

A

Escherichia
Klebsiella

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7
Q

What are the non lactose fermenting bacteria within enterobacterales?

A

Proteus
Salmonella
Yersinia

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8
Q

What are the most pathogenic enterobacterales?

A

E.coli
Salmonella
Yersinia spp.

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9
Q

What are the mildly pathogenic enterobacterales?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus spp

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10
Q

What are the least pathogenic enterobacterales?

A

Enterobacter, serratia

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11
Q

Where does E.coli come from?

A

Normal flora of most animals
Lower ileum & large intestine
One of the first bacteria that colonize neonatal GIT within hours of birth

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12
Q

Dose E. coli survive well in the environment?

A

Yes

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13
Q

How does E.coli get transmitted

A

Fecal-oral
Inhalation
Direct inoculation
Ascending infections

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14
Q

What are common ascending infections associated with E. Coli?

A

Cystitis
Pyometra
Transient in urogenital tract

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15
Q

Is E. Coli a virulent bacteria?

A

Some of the strains are relatively virulent and some are pretty harmless

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16
Q

What influences the virulence factors of E. coli?

A

The different sites have different virulence factors

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17
Q

What are some virulence factors that some E. coli have?

A

Attachment
Avoidance of phagocytosis
Cellular effects (physiological or toxicity)
Systemic effects

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18
Q

What virulence factors do non-enteric E. coli infections have?

A

Fimbriae (pili) or dhesion
Capsules
Hemolysis & cytotoxic necrotizing factors
Endotoxins

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19
Q

What specific diseases does E. coli cause?

A

Sepsis in neonates
Pyometra
Cystitis
Endocarditis

Just about anything really

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20
Q

How do we diagnose E. Coli infections?

A

Collected from sterile site using the 4 point rule

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21
Q

How do you treat Enterobacterales non-enteric infections?

A

Need to do susceptibility testing because they are not predictably susceptible

Surgery/drainage/debridement

Fluid therapy

Anti-endotoxin therapies

Find the source of how patient got infected in the first place

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22
Q

Where does salmonella come from?

A

Not part of normal flora
Carrier animals with it in GIT
Survive for a long time in the environment

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23
Q

What are the two main strains of salmonella?how is salmonella transmitted?

A

Salmonella enterica
Salmonella bongeri

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24
Q

how is salmonella transmitted?

A

Fecal oral transmission from Carrier animal (reptiles, cattle, horses)

Recrudescence of infection in carrier animals

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25
Q

How does salmonella cause disease?

A

Facultative intracellular parasites & live in macrophages

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26
Q

What are the 3 main clinical syndromes salmonella cause?

A

Enteritis in horses and cattle

Septicemia with localization (lungs, joints, kidneys, hearts, & spleen)

Carrier state (she’s in feces intermittently)

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27
Q

How do we diagnose salmonella

A

Isolate from sterile site

Use 4 point rule

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28
Q

Where does Yersinia pestis come from?

A

Yersinia lives in fleas which can be infested by mice and then eaten by cats and then get near us

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29
Q

Why is Yersinia pestis so important?

A

ZOONOTIC

30
Q

How does Yersinia cause disease

A

Facultative intracellular parasites & live in macrophages

31
Q

What specific disease does Yersinia cause

A

Y. pestis
Y. pseudotuberculosis

32
Q

What are the characteristics of Y. pestis?

A

Non-enteric
Most virulent of the Yersinia
Plague (Black Death) in humans & cats

33
Q

What are the different forms of Y. Pestis and what do they normally infect

A

Bubonic—lymph nodes
Pneumonic—lungs
Septicemia—

34
Q

How do you diagnose Y. Pestis infections?

A

Use extreme caution
Send aspirates of pus, blood, and lymph nodes to specialized lab
Notify pUblic health
PCR & culture

35
Q

How do you treat Y. pestis?

A

Euthanasia
Isolate from cat & treat for flea immediately
Antibiotics
Lance and flush infected lymph nodes

36
Q

What is the most commonly isolated from Klebsiella infections in animals?

A

K. pneumoniae

37
Q

Where does Klebsiella come from?

A

Normal fecal flora
sprophyte
They love sawdust

38
Q

What diseases does Klebsiella cause

A

Pneumonia
Cycstitis
Mastitis
Endometritis
Navel ill
Nosocomial infections

39
Q

What their bacteria is Klebsiella similar to as far as what diseases it causes?

A

E. coli

40
Q

Where does proteus come from?

A

Normal fecal flora
Likes moist environments= saprophytes

41
Q

What diseases does proteus cause?

A

Cystitis
Otitis externa
Prostatis
Wound infections

42
Q

What characteristics does proteus have on a blood agar plate?

A

It swarms the whole plate

43
Q

What bacteria are part of the pasteurella?

A

Pasteurella
Mannheimia
Actinobacillus
Histophilus/glaess/Avi

44
Q

What are the gram stain characteristics of pasteurellaceae?

A

Long rods
Pink to red in color
No branching

45
Q

What are the shared characteristics of pasteurellaceae?

A

Gram negative rods
Facultatively anaerobic
Oxidase positive
Non-motile
Grow on blood agar
Do not survive long in environment

46
Q

What pasteurellaceae do not grow on blood agar?

A

Histophilus, glaeserella, avibacterium
& grow on chocolate agar

47
Q

What pasteurellaceae do not grow on MacConkey’s agar?

A

P. Multi idea, histophilus somni, glaeserella parasitis

48
Q

What is the main species of pasteurellaceae that we will be discussing?

A

P. multocida

49
Q

Where does pasteurellaceae come from

A

Normal flora of mucus membranes or mucus membranes of carrier animals & birds
Upper respiratory tract
Digestive tract
Lower genital tract

50
Q

How are pasteurellaceae transmitted?

A

Inhalation
Direct inoculation locally or systemically

51
Q

How do pasteurellaceae cause disease?

A

Attachment fimbriae or adhesion
Capsules
Exotoxins
Endotoxins

52
Q

How many types of capsules does P. multocida?

A

5

53
Q

What is the most important virulence factor for pasteurellaceae?

A

Exotoxins

54
Q

What are the risk factors of pasteurellaceae?

A

Young animals
Co-mingling
Overcrowding
Viral infections
Poor weather

55
Q

What 4 categories do pasteurella multocida?

A

Pneumonia
Rhinitis
Bite wounds
Septicemia

56
Q

What is the most important disease caused by pasterella and what animals does it affect

A

Pneumonia
Associated with bovine respiratory disease complex or sniping fever

Horses, pigs, cattle, small ruminants

57
Q

What is the number 2 disease caused by pasteurella and what species does it affect?

A

Rhinitis

Rabbits and pigs

58
Q

What disease is called snuffles and what species does it affect?

A

Rhinitis & rabbits

59
Q

What bacteria causes atrophic rhinitis and what species does it affect and what does sit cause?

A

Pasturella
Pigs
Destruction of turbinates & conceal bones of the snout

60
Q

What clinical signs will you see with atrophic rhinitis?

A

Sneezing
Epistaxis
Facial distortion

61
Q

What bacteria causes cat bite abscesses?

A

Pasteurella multocida

62
Q

What bacteria causes bovine hemorrhagic septicemia?

A

P. Multocida associated with B & E capsule strains that are exotic to the US

63
Q

Can pasturella multocida cause septicemia & if so what species?

A

Yes , birds and cattle

64
Q

What specific diseases do Mannheimia haemolytica?

A

Pneumonia/bronchopneumonia
Necrotizing mastitis
Septicemia

65
Q

What diseases does Actinobacillus equuli?

A

Sleepy foal disease= septicemia
Peritonitis in adult horses
Pneumonia & pleuropneuminia

66
Q

What diseases does Actinobacillus lignieresii?

A

Wooden tongue in ruminants which results in pyogranulomatous abcesses

67
Q

What diseases does A. Pleuropneumonia cause and in what species?

A

Fibrinous pneumonia & pleuritis in pigs
Economic importance

68
Q

What diseases does Actinobacillus suits cause and in what species?

A

Septicemia in young piglets

69
Q

What diseases does Glaeserella parasuis & what species does it effect?

A

Bronchopneumonia
Glasser’s disease septicemia & polyserositis in young pigs

70
Q

What diseases does Histophilus somni & in what species?

A

Causes thrombotic lesions in cattle & produces disease where it localizes

71
Q

What diseases does Avibacterium paragallinarum and what species does it affects?

A

Inflammation of turbinates, sinus epithelium and causes sneezing in chickens

DWT Exam 2 (6 decks)

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