Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FFP headaches seizures and weakness > clinical neuroanatomy > Flashcards

clinical neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Function of frontal lobes and where in particular is responsible

A

Motor control: motor strip
Motor planning: premotor cortex
Planning, motivation, behavioural control: pre-frontal
Emotional control: orbitofrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of parietal lobes

A 
somatosensory function 
Visuospatial function (right dominant)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of temporal lobes

A

language
Auditory cortex
Memory (hippocampus and medial and temporal lobes)
Amotions (amygdala)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of occipital lobes

A

Visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Broca’s area

What will lesions here cause

A

Lies in front of motor strip at base of frontal lobe

-LEsions in this area cause a non-fluent effortful type speech but with better comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Wernicke’s area

What will lesions here cause

A

sits of top of superior temporal lobe

Fluent speech but paraphasia (speech nonsense) and poor comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What lesion will cause a bitemporal hemianopia

A

Pituitary macroadenoma lifting chasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lesions behind chiasm causing what

A

Hemianopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can cause a hemianopia

A

Posterior cerebral artery stroke in occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If lesions affect only part of the pathway, what can be caused

A

Quadratantopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nuclei are in midbrain and what does midbrain control

A

3+4 nuclei

vertical eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What nuclei are in pons and what does pons control

A

6,7 nuclei and horizontal eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nuclei are in medulla and what does medulla control

A

vestibular nuclei
10+12 nuclei
respiratory and cardiac centres
Pyramidal decussation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do lesions in the medial longitudinal fasciculus cause (these are in the midbrain)

A

intranuclear ophthalmoplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the motor pathway like (starting from the motor cortex)

A

Fibres in the motor cortex gather in the corona radiata

Funnel down through internal capsule

Travel down brain stem through the medulla and crosses over to the other side to form the lateral corticospinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What lesions will cause a contralateral hemiparesis and why

A

lesions in:

1) cortex
2) corona radiata
3) internal capsule
4) pyramidal tract in brainstem

Because this s before there is a crossing over of the motor fibres in the medulla so everything is on the opposite side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What lesions will cause an ipsilateral hemiparesis and why

A

Corticospinal tract in lateral spinal cord

This is after the motor fibres have crossed over

18
Q

which do strokes of the middle cerebral artery and lenticulostriate branches cause

A

Hemiplegia

19
Q

what are upper motor neurone

A

From cortex to corticospinal tract

20
Q

Why are signs of upper motor neurone disease due to

A

Hyper-excitability to inputs to anterior horn cells

21
Q

Signs of upper motor neurone disease

A

Increased Tone + Clonus
Exaggerated tendon reflexes
Extensor Plantar response
Pyramidal pattern weakness

22
Q

What’re lower motor neurone

A

from anterior horn to muscle

23
Q

What are signs of lower motor neurone diseases due to

A

Loss of trophic effect on muscle

24
Q

Signs of lower motor neurone

A

Wasting
Fasciculation
Lost reflexe
Weakness

25
Q

What are the two main sensory columns and what do they do

A 
Dorsal columns (touch, vibration , joint position)
Spinothalamic tract (pain and temperature)
26
Q

How do the dorsal column fibres travel

A

Travel in dorsal root into dorsal column

Synapse in medulla then cross to thalamus

27
Q

What is significant about blood supply to dorsal column

A

Blood supply is different from rest of spinal cord. SO in infarcts you can be weak but still have retained joint position sense

28
Q

What does spinothalamic tract do

A

Pain and temperature

29
Q

how do pain and temperature fibres travel

A

They start in dorsal root and synapse in dorsal column. Then cross spinal cord to the lateral spinothalamic tract then synapse in thalamus then in the cortex.

30
Q

What does a complete cord lesion cause

A

Sensory level (complete loss in sense)

31
Q

What does a half cord lesion cause

A

Brown squared syndrome

  • Loss of light touch and joint position sense on same side (ipsilateral)
  • Loss of pain and temperature contralaterally
32
Q

What does a central cord lesion cause

A

Loss of pain and too bilaterally over a restricted area (cape over shoulders and going down arms) but no loss in dorsal column

33
Q

what can middle cerebral artery infarcts cause

A

contralateral Hemisensory loss

-damage sensory cortex, white matter tracts and internal capsule

34
Q

What can lesion in thalamic area cause

A

Pure sensory stroke (contralateral)- no motor loss, only hemisensory loss

35
Q

What can pure cordial lesions cause

A

Damage only fine discrimination so only able to feel light touch

36
Q

How to tell difference between UMN and LMN lesion in the face

A

UMN spares the forehead so it is not paralysed. Therefore the whole forehead is creased

LMN lesion affects entire face so there can be complete facial paralysis on one side (e.g. Bell’s palsy)

37
Q

what are the lesion sites which can cause upper motor neurone dysarthria (difficulty swallowing)

A

1) Cortex
2) Corona radiata
3) internal capsule
4) brainstem corticospinal tract
5) vagus and hypoglossal nuclei

38
Q

what can bilateral UMN pathway lesions cause

-symptoms

A

Pseudobulbar palsy

-slow stiff speech and brisk jaw jerk: bilateral strokes

39
Q

what are lower motor neurone symptoms that cause dysarthria

A

Slurry speech, poor palate elevation, risky swallow and no brisk jaw jerk

40
Q

Other causes of dysarthria

A
  • Diffuse cranial neuropathy: Gillian Barre syndrome
  • Neuromuscular junction: myasthenia or botulism
  • Muscle disorders: forms of dystrophy and inclusion body myositis
  • Cerebella disease (scanning/staccato speech)

FFP headaches seizures and weakness (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions