Clinical manifestations Flashcards
Hypocalcemia
Tetany (Trousseau and Chvostek), face tingles, bronchospasm / laryngeal stridor, cardiac dysrhythmia, dysphagia
Also: ECG changes, numb, seizures, hyperactive reflexes, hypotension, diarrhea, and decreased Mg and K
Hypercalcemia
Neuro (personality, coma, confused, memory, psychosis)
Weak, fatigue, low reflexes
Dysrhythmia/ECG, stones / flank pain, n and v/anorexia, bone pain/fractures, dehydration, polyuria
Also: thirst, cramps, ulcers
Hypophosphatemia
Often asymptomatic
Weak, pain, respiratory failure, cardio myopathy, confused
Also: paresthesia, hypoxia, bone pain, seizures
Hyperphosphatemia
Often asymptomatic
Calcified deposits, tetany
Also: tachycardia, n and v and anorexia, weak, overactive reflexes
Hypomagnesemia
Tetany, ECG changes/dysrhythmia/torsade de pointes, low K and Ca, increased reflexes, cramps, tremors, seizures
Also: insomnia, moody, anorexia and vom, high BP, confused, dysphagia, dig toxicity
Hypermagnesemia
Low reflexes, ECG changes, respiratory and cardiac arrest, lethargy, low BP, n and V
Also: drowsy, flushing and diaphoresis, decreased CNS, coma
Hyperkalemia
ECG (tall T), heart block, v fib, cardiac arrest
Muscle weak, cramps, diarrhea
MURDER (muscle weak, urine problems, respiratory problems, decreased contractility, ECG, reflexes)
Also: paresthesia, distention, anxiety, irritable
Hypokalemia
Constipation, low blood flow, high blood sugar
6 Ls (lethargy, limp muscle, low respiration, lots of urine, leg cramps, lethal dysrhythmia)
Also: n and v and anorexia, paresthesia, low BP, distention, low reflexes, low T wave
Hyponatremia
Low osmolality, HA, n and v, anorexia, dizzy, confused, cramp, twitch, seizure, dry skin, high pulse, low BP, weight gain, edema
Hypernatremia
High osmolality, thirst, high temp, hallucinations, dry tongue, lethargic, irritable, seizure, pulmonary edema, NV anorexia, high pulse, high BP
Hypovolemia
Low BP, high HR, high respiration
Weak, lethargic, dizzy, seizure, coma
Pale, weight loss, concentrated urine, thirsty
Decreased turgor, urine output, and capillary refill
Hypervolemia
High BP, bounding, S3
SOB, crackles, dyspnea
Edema - peripheral, sacral, pulmonary
HA, high UOP, JVD
Weight gain
Gastritis
Acute: pain, dyspepsia, NV and anorexia, hiccups, blood
Chronic: fatigue, pyrosis, burps, sour mouth, halitosis, early satiety, NV and anorexia, pernicious anemia due to malabsorption of B12 (low intrinsic factor)
PUD
Pain, heartburn, vom
Constipation
Less than three per week
Distention, pain, bloating
Hard, incomplete, straining
Diarrhea
Distention, thirst, cramps, anorexia
Watery, frequent
IBS
Altered bowel patterns
Pain, bloating, distention
Appendicitis
RLQ pain, nausea, anorexia, fever
Peritonitis
S/s of infection, pain (increased when moving), low appetite, NV, paralytic ileus (paused motility)
VS: fever, high HR, low BP
Crohn
Abdominal pain and diarrhea
Fistula, mass, abscess
Asymmetrical inflammation
UC
Bloody diarrhea
Symmetrical inflammation
Usually only affects the mucosal layer
IBD
Pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, nausea, weight loss
Colorectal cancer
Changes in bowel habits
Blood, tenesmus, pain
Cholelithiasis
Usually none
Pain, jaundice, pee and poop change color, fat vitamin deficiency (ADEK)
Pancreatitis
Labs: high amylase and lipase, hyperG and hypoCa, high WBC, high bilirubin
Pain (mid epigastric to the back)
NV, fever, jaundice, confusion, agitation
Sepsis and peritonitis if severe
GERD
Heartburn, dental erosion, dysphagia
Obstruction
No bowel sounds below obstruction, hyperactive above
Pain, NVD (throwing up feces)
Necrosis where obstruction is
Diverticulitis
Pain at sigmoid LLQ
Constipation
May lead to fistula, peritonitis
BE
Pink (not white) lining
Heartburn, reflux, indigestion, stomach pain
Malignant hyperthermia
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Muscle rigidity
Increased temperature
