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Block 2 Exam 1 > Clinical manifestations > Flashcards

Clinical manifestations Flashcards

1
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Tetany (Trousseau and Chvostek), face tingles, bronchospasm / laryngeal stridor, cardiac dysrhythmia, dysphagia

Also: ECG changes, numb, seizures, hyperactive reflexes, hypotension, diarrhea, and decreased Mg and K

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2
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Neuro (personality, coma, confused, memory, psychosis)
Weak, fatigue, low reflexes
Dysrhythmia/ECG, stones / flank pain, n and v/anorexia, bone pain/fractures, dehydration, polyuria

Also: thirst, cramps, ulcers

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3
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

Often asymptomatic
Weak, pain, respiratory failure, cardio myopathy, confused

Also: paresthesia, hypoxia, bone pain, seizures

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4
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Often asymptomatic
Calcified deposits, tetany

Also: tachycardia, n and v and anorexia, weak, overactive reflexes

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5
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Tetany, ECG changes/dysrhythmia/torsade de pointes, low K and Ca, increased reflexes, cramps, tremors, seizures

Also: insomnia, moody, anorexia and vom, high BP, confused, dysphagia, dig toxicity

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6
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Low reflexes, ECG changes, respiratory and cardiac arrest, lethargy, low BP, n and V

Also: drowsy, flushing and diaphoresis, decreased CNS, coma

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7
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

ECG (tall T), heart block, v fib, cardiac arrest
Muscle weak, cramps, diarrhea

MURDER (muscle weak, urine problems, respiratory problems, decreased contractility, ECG, reflexes)

Also: paresthesia, distention, anxiety, irritable

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8
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Constipation, low blood flow, high blood sugar

6 Ls (lethargy, limp muscle, low respiration, lots of urine, leg cramps, lethal dysrhythmia)

Also: n and v and anorexia, paresthesia, low BP, distention, low reflexes, low T wave

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9
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low osmolality, HA, n and v, anorexia, dizzy, confused, cramp, twitch, seizure, dry skin, high pulse, low BP, weight gain, edema

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10
Q

Hypernatremia

A

High osmolality, thirst, high temp, hallucinations, dry tongue, lethargic, irritable, seizure, pulmonary edema, NV anorexia, high pulse, high BP

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11
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Low BP, high HR, high respiration
Weak, lethargic, dizzy, seizure, coma
Pale, weight loss, concentrated urine, thirsty
Decreased turgor, urine output, and capillary refill

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12
Q

Hypervolemia

A

High BP, bounding, S3
SOB, crackles, dyspnea
Edema - peripheral, sacral, pulmonary
HA, high UOP, JVD
Weight gain

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13
Q

Gastritis

A

Acute: pain, dyspepsia, NV and anorexia, hiccups, blood

Chronic: fatigue, pyrosis, burps, sour mouth, halitosis, early satiety, NV and anorexia, pernicious anemia due to malabsorption of B12 (low intrinsic factor)

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14
Q

PUD

A

Pain, heartburn, vom

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15
Q

Constipation

A

Less than three per week
Distention, pain, bloating
Hard, incomplete, straining

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16
Q

Diarrhea

A

Distention, thirst, cramps, anorexia
Watery, frequent

17
Q

IBS

A

Altered bowel patterns
Pain, bloating, distention

18
Q

Appendicitis

A

RLQ pain, nausea, anorexia, fever

19
Q

Peritonitis

A

S/s of infection, pain (increased when moving), low appetite, NV, paralytic ileus (paused motility)
VS: fever, high HR, low BP

20
Q

Crohn

A

Abdominal pain and diarrhea
Fistula, mass, abscess
Asymmetrical inflammation

21
Q

UC

A

Bloody diarrhea
Symmetrical inflammation
Usually only affects the mucosal layer

22
Q

IBD

A

Pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, nausea, weight loss

23
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Changes in bowel habits
Blood, tenesmus, pain

24
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Usually none
Pain, jaundice, pee and poop change color, fat vitamin deficiency (ADEK)

25
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Labs: high amylase and lipase, hyperG and hypoCa, high WBC, high bilirubin

Pain (mid epigastric to the back)
NV, fever, jaundice, confusion, agitation
Sepsis and peritonitis if severe

26
Q

GERD

A

Heartburn, dental erosion, dysphagia

27
Q

Obstruction

A

No bowel sounds below obstruction, hyperactive above
Pain, NVD (throwing up feces)
Necrosis where obstruction is

28
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Pain at sigmoid LLQ
Constipation
May lead to fistula, peritonitis

29
Q

BE

A

Pink (not white) lining
Heartburn, reflux, indigestion, stomach pain

30
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Muscle rigidity
Increased temperature

Block 2 Exam 1 (3 decks)

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