Clinical Investigations

Question 1

ERCP

Answer 1

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the pancreatic and biliary systems

Conditions; gallstones, strictures, leaks

Question 2

EEG

Answer 2

Electroencephalogram

Monitoring method to record brain activity

Conditions; seizures, epilepsy, headaches, head injuries, dizziness, sleeping problems

Question 3

EMG

Answer 3

electromyography

Evaluates and records electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles

Conditions; muscular dystrophy, myaesthenia gravis

*often used to differentiate between nerve vs muscle problems

Question 4

MRCP

Answer 4

Magnetic resonance choangiopancreatography

Non-invasive but highly accurate

Conditions; bile duct/pancreatic cancer, primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 5

Rovsing’s sign

Answer 5

pressing left side elicits pain in right side

Question 6

psoas sign

Answer 6

Extending right thigh on left lat position causes right abdo pain

Question 7

Obturator sign

Answer 7

Internal rotation flexed right thigh causes right abdo pain

Question 8

Grey-turner’s sign

Answer 8

bilateral flank blue discolouration indicative of haemorhagic pancreatitis

Question 9

Cullen’s sign

Answer 9

periumbilical blue discolouration indicative of haemorrhagic pancreatitis

Question 10

Fox’s sign

Answer 10

ecchymosis over inguinal ligament