Clinical ID

Question 1

Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 1

Protozoa

Question 2

Wuchereria Bancrofti

Answer 2

Helminths

Question 3

Sporothrix Schenckii

Answer 3

Fungi Imperfecti

Question 4

Rickettsia Prowazekii

Answer 4

Rickettsiae

Question 5

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Answer 5

Chlamydiae

Question 6

Mechanisms of Bacteria-Induced Injury

Answer 6

1. Bacterial Virulence
   
   • Depends on ability of bacteria to adhere, invade and delivere toxins
2. Bacterial Adherence
   
   • Entry into macrophages directed by receptors that recognize antibodies
   • Entry into epithelial cells- depend on bacteria surface and epithelial cell receptor (integrins)
3. Bacterial Endotoxin
   
   • LPS- induces host cytokine release
4. Bacterial Exotoxins
   
   • Toxins released that interfere with cellular metabolism and allow bacteria to outgrow competing bacteria

Question 7

Histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 7

Fungi Imperfecti

Question 8

Vibro Cholera

Answer 8

Bacteria

Question 9

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Answer 9

Mycobacterium

Question 10

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 10

Mycoplasmas

Question 11

Trichophyton Sp.

Answer 11

Fungi Imperfecti

Question 12

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

Leishmania donovani

Answer 13

Protozoa

Question 14

Enterobius Vermicularis

Answer 14

Helminths

Question 15

Trichinella Spiralis

Answer 15

Helminths

Question 16

Poliovirus

Answer 16

virus

Question 17

Host Barrier to Infection

Answer 17

1. Intact Skin
2. Mucosal Surfaces
3. Secretory-Excretory Products
   
   • Lysozyme in Tears
   • Acid in Stomach
4. Commensal Flora of mucous Membranes

Question 18

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 18

Bacteria

Question 19

Microbial Pathogens that exhibit significant antigenic variation

Answer 19

1. Rhinovirus
2. Influenza virus
3. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
4. Borrelia hermsii
5. Borrelia burgdorferi
6. Trypanosoma brucei
7. Giardia Lamblia
8. Plasmodium falciparum

Question 20

Candida Albicans

Answer 20

Fungi imperfecti

Question 21

Giardia Lamblia

Answer 21

Protozoa

Question 22

Trypanosoma gambiense

Answer 22

Protozoa

Question 23

microorganism causing Suppurative Inflammation

Answer 23

pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 24

microorganism causing Mononuclear and Granulomatus Inflammation

Answer 24

Secondary Syphilis

Question 25

microorganism causing cytopathic-cytoproliferative inflammation

Answer 25

Herpesvirus

Question 26

Necrotizing Inflammation

Answer 26

Group A Streptococcus

*Caused by uncontrolled viral infections, secreted bacterial toxins or cytolysis of host cells in protozoa infections

Question 27

Chronic Inflammation and Scarring

Answer 27

Schistosoma Haematobium

Question 28

Three classes of Helthminths & Examples

Answer 28

1. Roundworms (nematodes)
   
   • hookworms
   • Trichinella
2. Flatworms (cestodes)
   
   • tapeworms
3. Flukes (Trematodes)
   
   • Schistosomes