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Medical Terminology > Clinical History/Surgical Requisition > Flashcards

Clinical History/Surgical Requisition Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Achalasia

A

Esophageal motility disorder characterized by difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes chest pain

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2
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Pre-malignant condition of thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin

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3
Q

Adhesion

A

Fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery

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4
Q

Angiodysplasia

A

Small vascular malformation of the gut; common cause of otherwise unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia

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5
Q

Aphagia

A

Inability or refusal to swallow

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6
Q

Aphakia

A

Absence of the natural crystalline lens of the eye

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7
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Inflammatory, chronically relapsing, non-contagious pruritic skin disease

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8
Q

Atypia

A

Clinical term for abnormality in a cell

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9
Q

Bulla

A

Fluid-filled blister, greater than 1cm in diameter

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10
Q

Canthus

A

Either corner of the eye

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11
Q

Cautery

A

Process of destroying tissue using heat conduction from a metal probe heated by electric current; used to stop bleeding from small vessels or for cutting through soft tissue

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12
Q

Chalazion

A

Cyst in the eyelid caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid

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13
Q

Cryosurgery

A

The application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue

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14
Q

Dermatoheliosis

A

Characteristic changes induced by chronic sun exposure

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15
Q

Descemet membrane

A

Basement membrane that lies between the corneal proper substance (stroma) and the endothelial layer of the cornea

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16
Q

DSAEK

A

Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty - a partial thickness corneal transplant that replaces only the endothelial layer

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17
Q

Dysplastic

A

Abnormality in maturation of cells within a tissue; usually an expansion of immature cells and a decrease in mature cells

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18
Q

Eczema

A

Inflammation of the epidermis; applies to a large range of persistent skin conditions, including recurring dryness and rashes

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19
Q

Epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC)

A

A benign cyst developed out of ectodermal tissue

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20
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

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21
Q

Erythroderma

A

Inflammatory skin disease with erythema and scaling that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface

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22
Q

Exanthem

A

A widespread rash usually occurring in children; can be caused by toxins, drugs, microorganisms, or autoimmune attack

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23
Q

Excoriation

A

Punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means

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24
Q

Fuch’s dystrophy

A

A slowly progressing corneal disease that usually affects both eyes; causes blurred vision upon waking that gradually clears during the day

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25
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of bright red bloody stools per rectum, commonly associated with lower gastrointestinal bleeding

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26
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up of blood or blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs

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27
Q

Herpetiformis

A

A skin disorder often associated with Celiac disease

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28
Q

Keratoconus

A

A degenerative disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and assume a more conical shape

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29
Q

Keratopathy

A

Disease of the cornea

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30
Q

Keratoplasty

A

Surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by a donated cornea

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31
Q

Keratosis

A

Growth of keratin on the skin (actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, keratosis pilaris)

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32
Q

Lentigo

A

Brown pigmented spot on the skin

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33
Q

Lentiginous

A

Describes a skin lesion that looks like a lentigo

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34
Q

Lichenoid eruption

A

A skin disease characterized by damage and infiltration between the epidermis and dermis

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35
Q

Macule

A

A non-palpable (flat) change in skin color, less than 1cm in diameter at the widest point

36
Q

Melena

A

Stool with blood that has been altered by the gut flora and appears black or “tarry;” often associated with blood in the stomach or duodenum

37
Q

Morbilliform

A

Rash resembling measles

38
Q

Nasolabial fold

A

The two skin folds that run from each side of the nose to the corners of the mouth

39
Q

Nevus

A

Sharply-circumscribed and chronic benign lesions of the skin; maybe melanocytic, epidermal, connective tissue, or vascular

40
Q

Nodule

A

Papule of greater than 1cm, and most frequently centered in the dermis or subcutaneous fat

41
Q

Odynophagia

A

Painful swallowing

42
Q

Pannus

A

A hanging flap of tissue

43
Q

Papule

A

A sharply-circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, up to 1cm in diameter

44
Q

Pemphigus

A

Rare group of autoimmune blistering diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes

45
Q

Pheresis

A

Special kind of blood donation by which specific components of the blood can be separated

46
Q

Photodermatitis

A

Reaction of the skin to UV rays (photoallergy); can be caused by medication, skin products, autoimmune conditions, a vitamin deficiency, or certain diseases

47
Q

Phototherapy

A

Exposure to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light using lasers, LEDs, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps, or very bright full-spectrum light, for a prescribed amount of time

48
Q

Phthisis bulbi

A

A shrunken, non-functional eye that results from severe ocular disease, inflammation, or injury

49
Q

Pilar cyst

A

A common fluid-filled growth that forms from a hair follicle; most often found on the scalp

50
Q

Pilonidal cyst

A

A cyst or abscess on or near the natal cleft of the buttocks, often contains hair or skin debris

51
Q

Pityriasis

A

Flaking or scaling of the skin

52
Q

Plaque

A

Broad papule or confluence of papules greater than or equal to 1cm

53
Q

PLEVA

A

Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta; a disease of the immune system characterized by rashes and small lesions on the skin

54
Q

Preauricular/postauricular

A

In front of/behind the external ear

55
Q

Proccidentia

A

Extensive prolapse

56
Q

Prolapse

A

Condition where organs such as the rectum, heart valves, or uterus fall down or slip out of place

57
Q

Prurigo

A

General term used to describe itchy eruptions of the skin

58
Q

Pseudophakia

A

Replacement of the natural lens of the eye with a prosthetic lens

59
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic, non-contagious autoimmune disease which affects the skin and joints; commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin

60
Q

Pterygium

A

A benign growth of the conjunctiva; commonly grows from the nasal side of the sclera

61
Q

Pustule

A

Small elevation of the skin containing purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells

62
Q

Schatzki ring

A

Narrowing of the lower part of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing; caused by a ring of mucosal or muscular tissue

63
Q

Seborrhea

A

Skin disorder affecting the scalp, face and trunk causing scaly, flaky, itchy red skin

64
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Noncancerous benign skin growth that originates in keratinocytes

65
Q

Sentinel lymph nodes

A

First lymph node or group of nodes reached by metastasizing cancer cells from a tumor; used in the staging of certain types of cancer

66
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Presence of excess fat in feces

67
Q

Stereotactic biopsy

A

Use of computer imaging performed in at least two planes to localize a target lesion in 3D space and guide removal of the tissue for examination

68
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter

69
Q

Urticaria

A

A kind of skin rash notable for dark red, raised, itchy bumps, frequently caused by allergic reactions (hives)

70
Q

Vesicle

A

Circumscribed, fluid-containing epidermal elevation, 1-10mm in diameter

71
Q

Vicryl

A

Blue synthetic suture often used for marking orientation on surgical pathology specimens

72
Q

Vitrectomy

A

Surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye

73
Q

Abortion

A

Termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus/embryo, resulting in or caused by its death; may be spontaneous or induced

74
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age

75
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Abnormally painful menstrual periods and blood loss greater than 80mL or lasting longer than 7 days

76
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

77
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Condition of prolonged or excessive uterine bleeding occurring irregularly and more frequently than normal

78
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period at regular intervals

79
Q

Metrorhagia

A

Vaginal bleeding among premenopausal women that is not synchronized with their menstrual period (spotting)

80
Q

Miscarriage

A

Spontaneous end of a pregnancy at a stage where the embryo or fetus is incapable of surviving (typically prior to 20 weeks gestation)

81
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Infrequent menstrual periods

82
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

A condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid

83
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Obstetric complication involving an abnormally deep attachment of the placenta through the endometrium and into the myometrium

84
Q

Placenta increta

A

Severe case of placenta accreta, when the placenta further invades into the myometrium

85
Q

Placenta percreta

A

Worst form of placenta percreta, when the placenta penetrates the entire myometrium into the uterine serosa

86
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

A condition in pregnancy characterized by an excess of amniotic fluid

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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