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Medical Terminology > Clinical History/Surgical Requisition > Flashcards

Clinical History/Surgical Requisition Flashcards

1
Q

Achalasia

A

Esophageal motility disorder characterized by difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes chest pain

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2
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Pre-malignant condition of thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin

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3
Q

Adhesion

A

Fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery

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4
Q

Angiodysplasia

A

Small vascular malformation of the gut; common cause of otherwise unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia

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5
Q

Aphagia

A

Inability or refusal to swallow

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6
Q

Aphakia

A

Absence of the natural crystalline lens of the eye

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7
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Inflammatory, chronically relapsing, non-contagious pruritic skin disease

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8
Q

Atypia

A

Clinical term for abnormality in a cell

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9
Q

Bulla

A

Fluid-filled blister, greater than 1cm in diameter

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10
Q

Canthus

A

Either corner of the eye

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11
Q

Cautery

A

Process of destroying tissue using heat conduction from a metal probe heated by electric current; used to stop bleeding from small vessels or for cutting through soft tissue

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12
Q

Chalazion

A

Cyst in the eyelid caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid

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13
Q

Cryosurgery

A

The application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue

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14
Q

Dermatoheliosis

A

Characteristic changes induced by chronic sun exposure

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15
Q

Descemet membrane

A

Basement membrane that lies between the corneal proper substance (stroma) and the endothelial layer of the cornea

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16
Q

DSAEK

A

Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty - a partial thickness corneal transplant that replaces only the endothelial layer

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17
Q

Dysplastic

A

Abnormality in maturation of cells within a tissue; usually an expansion of immature cells and a decrease in mature cells

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18
Q

Eczema

A

Inflammation of the epidermis; applies to a large range of persistent skin conditions, including recurring dryness and rashes

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19
Q

Epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC)

A

A benign cyst developed out of ectodermal tissue

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20
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

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21
Q

Erythroderma

A

Inflammatory skin disease with erythema and scaling that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface

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22
Q

Exanthem

A

A widespread rash usually occurring in children; can be caused by toxins, drugs, microorganisms, or autoimmune attack

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23
Q

Excoriation

A

Punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means

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24
Q

Fuch’s dystrophy

A

A slowly progressing corneal disease that usually affects both eyes; causes blurred vision upon waking that gradually clears during the day

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25
Hematochezia
Passage of bright red bloody stools per rectum, commonly associated with lower gastrointestinal bleeding
26
Hemoptysis
Coughing up of blood or blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs
27
Herpetiformis
A skin disorder often associated with Celiac disease
28
Keratoconus
A degenerative disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and assume a more conical shape
29
Keratopathy
Disease of the cornea
30
Keratoplasty
Surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by a donated cornea
31
Keratosis
Growth of keratin on the skin (actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, keratosis pilaris)
32
Lentigo
Brown pigmented spot on the skin
33
Lentiginous
Describes a skin lesion that looks like a lentigo
34
Lichenoid eruption
A skin disease characterized by damage and infiltration between the epidermis and dermis
35
Macule
A non-palpable (flat) change in skin color, less than 1cm in diameter at the widest point
36
Melena
Stool with blood that has been altered by the gut flora and appears black or "tarry;" often associated with blood in the stomach or duodenum
37
Morbilliform
Rash resembling measles
38
Nasolabial fold
The two skin folds that run from each side of the nose to the corners of the mouth
39
Nevus
Sharply-circumscribed and chronic benign lesions of the skin; maybe melanocytic, epidermal, connective tissue, or vascular
40
Nodule
Papule of greater than 1cm, and most frequently centered in the dermis or subcutaneous fat
41
Odynophagia
Painful swallowing
42
Pannus
A hanging flap of tissue
43
Papule
A sharply-circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, up to 1cm in diameter
44
Pemphigus
Rare group of autoimmune blistering diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes
45
Pheresis
Special kind of blood donation by which specific components of the blood can be separated
46
Photodermatitis
Reaction of the skin to UV rays (photoallergy); can be caused by medication, skin products, autoimmune conditions, a vitamin deficiency, or certain diseases
47
Phototherapy
Exposure to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light using lasers, LEDs, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps, or very bright full-spectrum light, for a prescribed amount of time
48
Phthisis bulbi
A shrunken, non-functional eye that results from severe ocular disease, inflammation, or injury
49
Pilar cyst
A common fluid-filled growth that forms from a hair follicle; most often found on the scalp
50
Pilonidal cyst
A cyst or abscess on or near the natal cleft of the buttocks, often contains hair or skin debris
51
Pityriasis
Flaking or scaling of the skin
52
Plaque
Broad papule or confluence of papules greater than or equal to 1cm
53
PLEVA
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta; a disease of the immune system characterized by rashes and small lesions on the skin
54
Preauricular/postauricular
In front of/behind the external ear
55
Proccidentia
Extensive prolapse
56
Prolapse
Condition where organs such as the rectum, heart valves, or uterus fall down or slip out of place
57
Prurigo
General term used to describe itchy eruptions of the skin
58
Pseudophakia
Replacement of the natural lens of the eye with a prosthetic lens
59
Psoriasis
Chronic, non-contagious autoimmune disease which affects the skin and joints; commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin
60
Pterygium
A benign growth of the conjunctiva; commonly grows from the nasal side of the sclera
61
Pustule
Small elevation of the skin containing purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells
62
Schatzki ring
Narrowing of the lower part of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing; caused by a ring of mucosal or muscular tissue
63
Seborrhea
Skin disorder affecting the scalp, face and trunk causing scaly, flaky, itchy red skin
64
Seborrheic keratosis
Noncancerous benign skin growth that originates in keratinocytes
65
Sentinel lymph nodes
First lymph node or group of nodes reached by metastasizing cancer cells from a tumor; used in the staging of certain types of cancer
66
Steatorrhea
Presence of excess fat in feces
67
Stereotactic biopsy
Use of computer imaging performed in at least two planes to localize a target lesion in 3D space and guide removal of the tissue for examination
68
Telangiectasia
Small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter
69
Urticaria
A kind of skin rash notable for dark red, raised, itchy bumps, frequently caused by allergic reactions (hives)
70
Vesicle
Circumscribed, fluid-containing epidermal elevation, 1-10mm in diameter
71
Vicryl
Blue synthetic suture often used for marking orientation on surgical pathology specimens
72
Vitrectomy
Surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye
73
Abortion
Termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus/embryo, resulting in or caused by its death; may be spontaneous or induced
74
Amenorrhea
Absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
75
Dysmenorrhea
Abnormally painful menstrual periods and blood loss greater than 80mL or lasting longer than 7 days
76
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
77
Menometrorrhagia
Condition of prolonged or excessive uterine bleeding occurring irregularly and more frequently than normal
78
Menorrhagia
Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period at regular intervals
79
Metrorhagia
Vaginal bleeding among premenopausal women that is not synchronized with their menstrual period (spotting)
80
Miscarriage
Spontaneous end of a pregnancy at a stage where the embryo or fetus is incapable of surviving (typically prior to 20 weeks gestation)
81
Oligomenorrhea
Infrequent menstrual periods
82
Oligohydramnios
A condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid
83
Placenta accreta
Obstetric complication involving an abnormally deep attachment of the placenta through the endometrium and into the myometrium
84
Placenta increta
Severe case of placenta accreta, when the placenta further invades into the myometrium
85
Placenta percreta
Worst form of placenta percreta, when the placenta penetrates the entire myometrium into the uterine serosa
86
Polyhydramnios
A condition in pregnancy characterized by an excess of amniotic fluid

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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