Clinical Governance Flashcards
What was Clinical Governance first defined as?
Setting, delivery and monitoring of quality standards.
‘Effective clinical governance will make it clear that quality is everybody’s business’
-developing quality staff and a quality service
Definition of Clinical Governance
A framework where NHS organisations are responsibly for continuously improving quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment where excellence in clinical care will flourish.
What characteristics are involved in Clinical Governance
- It is the fundamental element of health care
- Process of continuing improvement
- Implements professionals taking responsibility
- Having the right systems and processes in place
- Relevant to everyone
Developments of Clinical Governance
-Development of CG was stepwise and gradually evolved after much thought and looking at what we do well, what could be done better and what went wrong.
CG and Community pharmacy?
- Contractual obligation for community pharmacies.
- Essential services, enhanced services, advances services must have a CG lead and apply principles
GPhC principles for registered pharmacies
Principle 1:
-Governance arrangements safeguard the health, safety and wellbeing of patients and the public.
Principle 2:
-Staff are empowered and competent to safeguard the health, safety and wellbeing of patients and the public
Principle 3:
-The environment and condition of the premises from which pharmacy services are provided, and any associated premises, safeguard the health, safety and wellbeing of patients and the public.
Principal 4:
-The way in which pharmacy services, including the management of medicines are medical devices, are delivered safeguards the health, safety and wellbeing of patients and the public.
Principle 5:
-The equipment and facilities used in the provision of pharmacy services safeguard the health, safety, and well being of patients and the public.
GPhC standards for pharmacy professionals
1) Effective leadership
2) patient centred care
3) Partnership working
4) Effective communication
5) Professional knowledge and skills
6) Professional judgements
7) Professional behaviour
8) Confidentiality and privacy
9) Speaking up about concerns
Seven Pillars of Clinical Governance
1) Patient/ public involvement
2) Clinical Audit
3) Risk management
4) Clinical effectiveness
5) Staff and Staff Management
6) Use of information
7) Premises Standards
-All aims for patients to receive highest quality of NHS care possible
Why should we involve patients and the public?
They are out customers, NHS and Private, if they are not happy we are not doing right
Contractual obligations of patient and public involvement
Involve in: service improvement and redesign
Community Pharmacy
- Display practice leaflet
- Notify public of NHS services provided
- Annual patient satisfaction survey
- Monitor medicines owed and out of stock items
- complaints/error procedures
- Make ‘reasonable adjustments; in line with equality act
- Co-operate with inspections/ reviews from NHS England
What should practice leaflet include?
1) name, address and phone number of pharmacy
2) If owned by a company based elsewhere, contact details for their head office
3) opening hours
4) list or description of NHS services available at pharmacy (Including advanced but not necessarily enhanced)
5) Access arrangements for disabled customers
6) NHS Direct details as follows:
“When the pharmacy is closed, for any health problem advice and details of other health services, content NHS Direct, 24 hours a day. Call or visit website”
7) Notice that pharmacy is not obliged to serve violent or abusive customers
8) Notice the pharmacy complies with Data Protection Act and the NHS code on confidentiality
9) Detail of how to find out more about services offered, comment on those services, or make a complaint
10) Contact details of the local PCT
11) Leaflet may refer to healthcare-related non-NHS services provided by pharmacy, but if it does so, it must be under a separate heading “Other services we provide”
what is a CPPQ?
Community pharmacy patient questionnaire:
1) Give patients details to complain about our pharmacies
2) find out what we are doing well, what we can do better and act to change how our pharmacy operates as a result
3) Ensure that patients with disabilities have the facilities needed to access pharmacy services, to the same level as everyone else.
What is a clinical audit?
A process of improving the care of patients by:
- looking at what you are doing
- learning from it
- If necessary, changing practice
Community Pharmacy NHS contract with Clinical Audit
at least one annually:
1) Practice based audit (Completed in the pharmacy)
2) NHS England based audit (Organised for all pharmacies in a geographical area)
Audit Cycle
1) Audit Design
2) Data collection
3) Analyse Data
4) Identify case(s) of non-achievement
5) Implement Changes
6) Monitor progress
7) Decide criteria, agree standards
What is an audit?
One of the tools for measuring performance against standards. Helps identify priorities for improvement.
Examples of practice based audits
Practice based:
- lung cancer awareness audit
- MDS audit
- Near misses audit
- Prescribing errors audit
Examples of NHSm England Based audits
- Introduction to stop smoking services
- Emergency supplies
Some real life audit examples
1) Collecting info on how many patients take ppi with ibuprofen
2) collecting info on how many patients take ppi with ibuprofen and finding out how many pharmacists contact the gp when guidelines are not followed
3) analysis of results, implementing a system to encourage GP interventions and repeat the following year
What is risk management?
Looking in advance at systems of work, thinking how it is going to cause a problem and whether there is going to be an error as a result of action
Risks in a pharmacy
1) Risks to staff
- Health and Safety Issues
- Financial loss (Fridge failure, stock loss, prescription charges)
- Needle stick/ Chemical injury
- Violence in the workplace
2) Risks to patients
- Health and Safety issues
- Poor standards of care/ advice
- Poor Service
- Dispensing errors
- Infection from pharmacy
- Confidentiality breach
What characteristics should CG lead have during risk management?
- Knowledgable about CG issues
- Knowledgable about other local NHS services
- Authority to make decisions or report to a person with authority to make decisions on CG issues
What are some of the systems in place to ensure risk management?
1) Stock integrity:
- Stock expiry date checks 3 monthly minimum
- Reputable suppliers
- Premises suitable for medicine storage
2) Equipment maintenance
- Fridge tep
- BP and cholesterol monitor contract. recalibration
3) Appropriate Waste disposal Arrangements
- PAtient returned waste meds procedures
- Clinical/sharps/medicine waste handling contracts
- Needle stick injury/ biological/ chemical contamination processes and procedures
- Confidential waste -shredders
Health and Safety Issues in community pharmacy
- Fire
- Handling large or heavy objects
- Slips, trips and falls
- Electrical safety
- Display screen equipment
- Handling Sharps
- Dealing with dangerous chemicals (COSHH)