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IMA > Clinical Gait Analysis > Flashcards

Clinical Gait Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical Gait Analysis combines? To? Is used in conjunction with? Can be used to?

A
  • Combines several forms of analysis to evaluate gait pathology and establish intervention plans.
  • Is used in conjunction with clinical assessment when establishing treatment plans
  • Can be used to evaluate outcome of intervention
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2
Q

Most Gait Analysis Studies include? (5)

A
  • Observational analysis
  • Temporal-Spatial Analysis
  • Kinematic analysis
  • Kinetic Analysis
  • Electromyographic analysis
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3
Q

Temporal-Spatial Analysis Measures? Can be obtained with? (3)

A
  • the timing and linear measurements of gait
  • foot switches,
  • some motion systems,
  • gait mats such as the GAITRite
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4
Q

Kinematic analysis is study of? Kinetic anaylsis? Electromyographic analysis?

A
  • Study of motion, needs 2-D or 3-D motion analysis systems
  • Study of the forces, needs a force plate
  • Dynamic EMG performed during gait, Needs EMG unit
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5
Q

Movement / Kinematic Descriptors - Position = ? Motion? It occurs in? We cannot determine what? Displacement refers to?

A
  • Position: Location of an object in space
  • Motion: Change in position
  • Motion: Occurs in Space and Time.
  • We cannot determine if an object has moved unless we compare its position at one point in time to another.
  • Displacement: Refers to the spatial element of motion, the change in location.
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6
Q

Linear motion refers to? (2) Angular motion? (2) When motion occurs in more than one plane it is referred to as? In human motion the body segments undergo? (2)

A
  • Linear motion refers to the equivalent displacement in space of all parts of the object.

>> Translation

  • Angular motion refers to the non-equivalent displacement or rotation of part of the object

>> Rotation

  • When motion occurs in more than one plane it is referred to as general motion or 3-Dimensional Motion
  • Human motion which is 3-dimensional the body segments undergo both linear and angular motion
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7
Q

How are the kinematics of gait most often plotted? What else is frequently used?

A
  • Motion (ROM on Y axis) is most often plotted against time (on the x axis) with the events of the gait cycle known to occur at specific times or percentages
  • Frequently angle-angle curves are also frequently used with one joint or segment plotted against the other.
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8
Q

Why is an angle-angle diagram used?

A

At times however because human movement is based on the rotation of body segments in relation to one another an Angle-Angle diagram is used

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9
Q

What does this show?

A

Sag plane pelvic tilt

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10
Q

What does this show?

A

Frontal plane pelvic obliquity

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11
Q

What does this show?

A

Transverse plane pelvic rotation

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12
Q

What does this show?

A

Sag plane hip flx/ext

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13
Q

What does this show?

A

Frontal plane hip ab/add

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14
Q

What does this show?

A

Transverse plane hip rotation

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15
Q

What does this show?

A

Sagittal Plane motion of knee flx/ext

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16
Q

What does this show?

A

Frontal plane knee ab/add

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17
Q

What does this show?

A

Transverse plane knee rotation

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18
Q

What does this show?

A

Sagital plane motion of ankle DF/PF

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19
Q

What does this show?

A

Transverse plane foot progress angles

20
Q

Kinetics: Refers to the description of ? Tool?

A
  • motion including the causes of motion, usually described in terms of various forces such as gravity, ground reaction force and joint moments and powers
  • Force plates
21
Q

Joint Moments: represents? Quantifies the? Typically indicates? A moment is produced when?

A
  • the body’s response to an external load,
  • quantifies the net moment of all muscles crossing a joint
  • typically indicates which muscle group is dominant, expressed as flexor or extensor
  • A moment is produced when a force acts at a distance away from some reference point (joint center)
22
Q

Joint power is? Quantifies? Relates to? Joint power = ?

A
  • the work performed per unit of time,
  • quantifies the net rate of generating or absorbing energy by all muscles crossing a joint,
  • relates to the type of contraction (concentric versus eccentric)
  • Joint Power = Joint moment X Joint Angular Velocity
23
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of hip flx/ext

24
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of hip abd/add

25
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of hip rotation

26
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of hip

27
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of knee flx/ext

28
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of knee valg/var

29
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of knee rotation

30
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of knee power

31
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of DF/PF

32
Q

What does this show?

A

Joint Moment and Power of ankle power

33
Q

What does this show?

A
  • ankle DF/PF kinematic graph
  • ankle DF/Pf moment graph
34
Q

Components of Motion Analysis - Electromyography (EMG) for evaluation of? Kinesiological EMG Represents?

A
  • muscle activity
  • Represents the voltage potentials detected by surface or indwelling wire electrodes, provides information about the timing, pattern and intensity of muscle contraction during motion
35
Q

Muscle activity is often observed and measured to to identify? Measured via? What’s measured? (4) What other forces are commonly measured? (3)

A
  • Muscle activity is often observed and measured to to identify the cause of motion.
  • Muscle activity is measured via EMG or electromyography
  • At times movement will be described in terms of muscle groups as compared to individual muscles
  • Timing, pattern, intensity and co-activation are often measured with EMG
  • In addition muscle activity other forces are commonly measured such as, gravity and/or ground reaction forces, tensile properties of muscle and tendon
36
Q

Dynamic Electromyography - Must be referenced to the? By? To measure intensity or strength must further?

A
  • foot switches, gait mats or kinematics
  • must further process the raw signal by rectifying and enveloping signal and taking the area under the curve
37
Q

What does this show?

A

Ankle Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion Kinematic Graph

38
Q

What does this show?

A

Enveloped graph of Gastrocnemius EMG showing greater activity at push off

39
Q

What does this show?

A

Enveloped graph of Anterior Tibialis EMG showing greater activity during swing

40
Q

What’s used for Analysis of Energy Expenditure? What’s determined from them?

A
  • Oxygen consumption systems are used to analyze pulmonary gas exchange
  • from which is determined the oxygen cost / energy expenditure of movement (walking)
41
Q

What are used for Foot step analysis? What for? (3) Types? (3)

A
  • Pressure mats and in shoe pressure measurement systems are used to

–Temporal – Spatial aspects of gait

–Determine pressure borne on areas of the foot

–Progression of weight transfer on the foot during stance

  • GAITRite, Pedobarograph, F-scan
42
Q

Temporal and Spatial Measures? (8)

A
  • Cycle time
  • Cadence
  • Velocity
  • Stride Length
  • Step Length
  • Width of Base of Support
  • Angle of Toe out / Toe in
  • “Rhythmicity”
43
Q

What does this show?

A
  • Increased anterior pelvic tilt with increased pelvic motion
  • Decreased hip extension R > L
  • Increased knee flexion on initial contact 32o R 34o L
  • Decreased peak of knee flexion in swing L > R
  • Increased dorsiflexion in stance but push off present R > L
  • Increased hip adduction in stance
  • Increased internal foot progression angle R > L
  • Double bump pattern at ankle moment curve R > L
  • Increased knee extensor moment in early stance (loading)
  • Exaggerated power curves at hip, knee and ankle
44
Q

What does this show?

A
  • Rectus Femoris : Near constant firing, large burst in early swing on right
  • Right Medial Hamstring: Phasic activity but extra burst in pre-swing
45
Q

Go back to slides for more examples

A

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46
Q
A

IMA (7 decks)

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