Advanced Prosthetics and Robotics Flashcards
Prosthetic Components - define actuators?
torque motors, hydraulic resistance to generate motion of the prosthesis. Can be controlled directly by user or indirectly through microprocessors
Prosthetic Components - define sensory devices?
They are on the prosthesis – Detect limb motion; Or pressure, texture, temperature on prosthetic surface
Prosthetic Components - define bio-interface devices?
Detect and process signals from muscles, peripheral nerves, brain activity; Stimulate selected sensory or motor pathways
Prosthetic Components - define microprocessors?
Use information from sensors and from biological signals to control the device in real time; may include altering torques, stiffness, switches, etc.
Prosthetic Components - define cosmetic covers?
Are adaptations
Prosthetic Components - define batteries?
units to recharge them
Prosthetic Components - define advanced materials?
Provide stiffness, limited pliability, light weight, strength of prosthesis
Prosthetic Components - define single axis
passive device with single hinge joint
Prosthetic Components - define manual locking
bends only with manual release for sitting
Prosthetic Components - define constant friction
assists with ambulation at one speed on level surfaces
Prosthetic Components - define stance control
helps with stability during steady standing, hinge effective when unweighted
Prosthetic Components - define polycentric joint
may be helpful for older patients
Prosthetic Components - define pneumatic/hydraulic actuators
adjusts resistance of knee to forces generated by the user
Advanced materials include? (3)
metal
plastic
carbon fiber AFOs
Benefits of carbon fiber AFOs? (5)
- Stronger
- Dynamic limits on plantar/dorsi-flexion
- Increases medio-lateral stability of ankle and foot
- Provides energy return in proportion to the user’s weight and impact level
- Maintain ankle/foot in optimal alignment (stabilization)
Two types of Knee prostheses using robotic elements?
- Rheo Leg©
- C-Leg©
Rheo Leg© / C-Leg© use? (4) Can include?
- Hydraulic cylinders move the device through flexion/extension
- Sensors record knee angular motion
- Microprocessor monitors those signals
- Proprietary software sets the resistance of the hydraulic cylinders instantaneously given behavioral context
- Can include motor to enhance knee extension
What are robotics?
Interactive motorized devices fashioned so they can be used to move a limb in a controlled manner
What is one device for distal application point ? Only controls? Helps people?
- Manipulandum for UE rehabilitation repetitive training
- Manipulandum only controls endpoint (grasp), but not control degrees of freedom
- Helps people improve strength and coordination by controlling the hand trajectory
Automated Exoskeletons Use? They come with?
- mechanical devices wrapped around the outside the limb or interfacing with the outside of the limb to move the limb
- Lots of variations – Arm, hand, knee, leg prostheses, full exoskeletons
Lots of robotic devices for rehabilitation incorporate? Goal is? Used within? Idea is to?
- Lots of robotic devices for rehabilitation incorporate FES
- Goal is that through supported repetitive stimulation, some remaining neural pathways will become functional again
- Used within the context of task-oriented rehabilitation
- Idea is to stimulate potentially useful pathways during functional activity in hopes that the neural control becomes more stable, controllable, and functional
FES often built into? Can be used how?
- Often built into prostheses now to allow direct interface between intact nerves and muscles and microprocessors in the robotic limb
- Can be used independently of prostheses to strengthen muscles and improve motor control
For people with hemiplegia due to stroke, FES has benefits for? (4) Doesn’t improve?
- Gait, especially with foot or ankle weakness
- Preventing shoulder subluxation
- Decreasing spasticity of upper limb
- Improving motor control of upper limb in conjunction with functional training
- Does not improve shoulder pain
Robotics: Benefits & Challenges - can? Requires? But can? Also? (3)
- Can adapt to the individual, can provide only the forces and mobility needed at the time
- Intensive, repetitive practice … which may enhance neuroplasticity, enhance strength, improve some functional behaviors
- Can create individualized training protocol
- Expensive, unavailable
- Not sure how to make best use of them
- If used badly, can create new injuries and stresses
