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Laryngology > Clinical Fundamentals > Flashcards

Clinical Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

zaq

___ therapy is associated with development of nutritional deficiencies, CAP, osteopenia, atrophic gastritis and C.diff.

A

PPI therapy

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2
Q

What is the role of HPV as a causative agent in laryngeal cancer?

A

has not been established

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3
Q

Idiopathic VF paralysis comprises ___ of all cases of unilateral VF paralysis.

A

25%

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4
Q

Tracheo-innominate fistula risk is highest between __ weeks following tracheostomy.

A

3-4 weeks

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5
Q

What hormone decreases LES pressure?

A

Glucagon

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6
Q

Approximately __% of VC paralysis in children is b/l.

A

50%

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7
Q

__ is the first-line treatment for VC nodules.

A

Voice therapy

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8
Q

The GRBAS voice assessment scale stands for ___, and evaluates voice quality.

A

Grade (overall degree of voice abnormality)
Roughness
Breathiness
Asthenia (voice weakness)
Strain

Graded 0-3 on 4pt scale

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9
Q

As we age, vocal cord tissue collagen ___ and elastin ___

A

Collagen increases, and Elastin decreases

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10
Q

An idopathic cough (no structural abnormality or laryngopharyntitis) can be treated with a trial of ___.

A

Amitriptyline

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11
Q

What component of refluxate causes pharyngeal and laryngeal inflammation?

A

Pepsin (**produced by chief cells)

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12
Q

laryngeal EMG (LEMG) is most reliable at identifying when a VC *will/will not recover?

A

will not

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13
Q

The earliest time point where LEMG fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves may be seen on LEMG is ___ weeks?

A

3 weeks

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14
Q

Zargar classification:
Grade __: Edema and erythema of the mucosa

A

Grade I

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15
Q

Zargar classification:
Grade __: extensive deep gray necrosis or brownish/black ulcers

A

Grade 3B

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16
Q

Zargar classification:
Grade __: Normal mucosa

A

Grade 0

17
Q

Zargar classification:
Grade __: circumferential and deep ulcerations

A

Grade 2B

18
Q

Zargar classification:
Grade __: Perforation

A

Grade 4

19
Q

Zargar classification:
Grade __: Hemorrhage, erosions, blisters, superficial localized ulcers

A

Grade 2A

20
Q

Zargar classification:
Grade __: Focal deep gray or brownish/black ulcers

A

Grade 3A

21
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment

A

Intubation granuloma.

Tx: anti-reflux meds, PPI, diet reflux precautions

22
Q

_____ causes endothelial edema and thickening of arterioles/arteries.

A

Radiation therapy

23
Q

_____ has been linked to reduced collagen synthesis.

A

Hypothyroidism

24
Q

___ leads to diminished fibroblast activity and reduced collagen synthesis.

A

Protein deficiency

25
Q

___ impairs wound healing by reducing RBC proliferation and O2 transport.

A

Nicotine

26
Q

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1)_
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
3) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

A

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
3) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

27
Q

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
**1) **
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

A

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

28
Q

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) _
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

A

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

29
Q

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) _
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

A

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

30
Q

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3)_
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

A

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

31
Q

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) _

A

False negative stimulation using intraoperative nerve monitoring can occur due to:
1) posterior branch injury (branch to the PCA)
2) distal stimulation relative to the injured nerve segment
3) delayed neuropraxia (traumatic peripheral nerve injury)
4) injury subsequent to the last testing stimulation

32
Q

The use of __ significantly reduces the prevalence of dysphonia in long-term inhaler users

A

Metered dose inhaler + Spacer

33
Q

How does menopause affect the voice (in terms of frequency)?

A

Decreases fundamental frequency by 25 Hz

34
Q

___ medication can improve the chance of RLN and FN recovery after injury.

A

Nimodipine (Ca-channel blocker)

35
Q

Patient intubated x3wks. On exam, you hear a breathy voice and decreased volume. b/l VCs are mobile and the membranous cords appear normal. A still of the larynx is shown. Diagnosis?

A

Post-intubation phonatory insufficiency (a.k.a. posterior glottic diastasis/insufficiency), resulting from ulceration of the arytenoids’ medial mucosa w/associated scar 2/2 prolonged orotracheal intubation.

36
Q

Most common treatment options for posterior glottic stenosis:

A

Cordotomy w/arytenoidectomy

Laryngology (5 decks)

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