Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Block > Clinical features of COPD 3 > Flashcards

Clinical features of COPD 3 Flashcards

1
Q

is the incidence of COPD increasing or decreasing?

A

Decreasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do more males or females have COPD?

A

Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Number of people living with a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is incidence?

A

Number of new cases in a defined time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is there a link between wealth and COPD?

A

Yes, more poorer people have COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you differentiate between COPD and asthma?

A

Chronic respiratory symptoms + normal spirometry

Chronic respiratory symptoms preceding airflow limitations

Smoker with structural evidence of lung disease (emphysema, airway wall thickening and gas trapping) but no airflow limitations

History

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should you do if you are unsure whether it is COPD or asthma?

A

Pulmonary function tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do pulmonary function tests test?

A

Lung volumes

Transfer factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What lung volume changes are present in COPD?

A

Increased residual volume

Increased total lung capacity

RV/TLC > 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What transfer factor changes are present in COPD?

A

Reduced gas transfer

Decreased CLco (diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide)

Decreased Kco (transfer factor for carbon monoxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If you are still unsure if it is COPD or asthma after pulmonary function tests what could you do?

A

Radiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does radiology show when its COPD?

A

Honeycombing traction bronchiectasis

Lung cysts

Centrilobular emphysema

Signet ring sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are worsening symptoms during exacerbations?

A

Shortness of breath

Wheeze

Chest tightness

Cough sputum

Unable to smoke

Systemic upset (eating, drinking)

Temperature (if infective)

Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What symptoms do severe exacerbations include?

A

Breathless (RR>25/min)

Accessory muscles used at rest

Purse lip breathing

Cyanosis (sats <92% o/a)

Significant decreased in exercise tolerance

Signs of sepsis (if caused by infection)

Fluid rentention

Confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

During severe exacerbations what is the breathing rate?

A

> 25 breaths/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the management of acute exacerbations involve?

A

Change in inhalers

Oral steroids Antibiotics

17
Q

What could a change in inhalers involve?

A

Technique device adding

Bronchodilator increase or add inhaled steroid

18
Q

What may you have to do if the acute exacerbation is very severe?

A

Admit into hospital

19
Q

What can acute exacerbations be triggered by?

A

Viral/bacterial infection (most common)

Seductive drugs

Pneumothorax trauma

20
Q

What does the treatment of acute exacerbations include?

A

Oxygen nebulised bronchodilator (B2 and anti-muscarinic)

Oral/IV corticosteroid antibiotic

21
Q

What are some severe respiratory diseases?

A

Respiratory failure

Cor pulmonale

Secondary polycythaemia

Chronic bronchitis

Emphysema

22
Q

What are the 2 types of respiratory failure?

A

Type 1 (decreased PO2)

Type 2 (Increased PCO2)

23
Q

What are the symptoms of cor pulmonale?

A

Tachycardiac

Oedematous

Congested liver

24
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Abnormally fast resting heart rate

25
Q

What is oedematous?

A

Excessive accumulation of fluid in extracellular space

26
Q

What are the ECG features of cor pulmonale?

A

Right axis deviation

P pulmonale

T wave inversion

27
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

Abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart due to a disease of the lungs or pulmonary blood vessels

28
Q

What are the symptoms of secondary polycythaemia?

A

Increased haemoglobin and haemocrit

29
Q

What is seen in chronic bronchitis?

A

Cough for 3 months

More overweight

Cyanotic

30
Q

What is seen in emphysema?

A

Enlargement and destruction of air spaces

Older and thinner patient

Respiratory Block (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions