Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM III, Exam One > Clinical Eye Exam - Parrott > Flashcards

Clinical Eye Exam - Parrott Flashcards

1
Q

Exotropia definition

Dx how?

A

lateral eye drift when the good eye is covered

Dx with rapid cover/uncover test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Esotropia definition

Dx how?

A

medial eye drift when the good eye is covered

Dx with rapid cover/uncover test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sclera

A

White of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Limbus

A

border between cornea and sclera. Often site of neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pterygium

Tx?

A

A BENIGN overgrowth of the cornea due to excess sun exposure.
Tx? None if it does not affect vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Five things to inspect in eye.

A
  • Symmetry
  • Orbits
  • Lids/lid margins
  • Sclera
  • Conjuctiva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cardinal signs of gaze

A

SO4, LR6, R3 (SR, IO, IR, MR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the goal of the Cover/Uncover test? What does it show?

A
  • REVEALS WEAKNESS OF EOM
  • Eyes should remain synchronous regardless of being covered.
  • Watch for DRIFT of the covered eye is uncovered (EXOTROPIA, ESOTROPIA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define strabismus.
What conditions can it result in?
What age group is it especially important in?

A
  • Misalignment of eyes.
  • Can result in AMBLYOPIA, exotropia, esotropia.
  • Especially important in children.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

Permanent lazy eye with permanently reduced visual acuity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nystagmus definition

Especially important to test in what age group and why…?

A
  • Ocular ataxia or rhythmical oscillation of the eyes, associated with turning the head.
  • Esp important in infants - may indicate ocular weakness.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What action is nystagmus associated with?

A

Hornizontal movement (Testing) and TURNING HEAD - Implications for evaluation of labyrinth/vestibular or central NS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the coaloric reflex test?

A

Checks for brain activity - shoot COLD water into one (L ear)&raquo_space; eye goes to L, nystagmus goes R.
WARM water into L ear&raquo_space; eye goes R, nystagmus goes L

*COWS - COLD=nystagmus (away) Opposite; WARM=nystagmus Same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 things that should be looked for in pupillary exam

A
  1. Both pupils remain same size
  2. Convergence
  3. Anisocoria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define convergence

A

near point constriction of pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define anisocoria

A

unequal size of pupils

17
Q

What 2 things are involved in visual field confrontation?

A

PERIPHERAL VISION

  1. Temporal fields can be tested simultaneously (peripheral eye field) or independently (nasal eye field)
  2. Uses same six cardinal fields.
18
Q

What is Confrontation testing used for and how is it done?

A

Assesses visual field, one eye at a time. Doc brings fingers peripherally to centrally.

19
Q

Fundoscopic exam procedures - what should you see?

A
  1. Start lateral of midline and ID red reflex (retina)
  2. Move forward and ID posterior chamber structures: optic disc is nasal and inferior, arterioles (2 laterally, 2 nasally), macula is temporal
20
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Bacterial infection of the eyelids.

21
Q

What is scleral icterus indicative of?

A

Bilirubin of at least 3 (high)&raquo_space; do LIVER WORKUP

22
Q

Difference in appearance between conjuctivitis:

  • Allergic
  • Viral
  • Bacteral
A

See slide 15 of ppt.
Allergic-watery
Viral-red
Bacterial-GROSS

23
Q

Bacterial conjuctivitis:

  • Most common causes
  • Method of spread
  • Uni/bilateral
  • Discharge
A
  • Most common causes - S. aureus, S. pneumo, H. flu, M. catarrhalis
  • Method of spread - direct contact
  • Unilateral
  • Discharge - purulent thru the day, mattes shut during sleep
24
Q

Most common cause of Bacterial conjuctivitis in adults v. children.

A

Adults - S. aureus

Children - M. catarrhalis

25
Q

Viral conjuctivitis:

  • Most common causes
  • Method of spread
  • Uni/bilateral
  • Discharge
A
  • Most common causes - Adenovirus
  • Method of spread - direct contact
  • Initially unilater, then quickly bilateral
  • Discharge is CLEAR, may have follicular appearnace on tarsal conjuctiva
  • Pt often compains of “gritty or sandy” geeling in eye(s)
  • SELF LIMITING
26
Q

Allergic conjuctivitis:

  • Most common causes
  • Method of spread
  • Uni/bilateral
  • Discharge
A
  • Most common causes- IgE response, mast cell degranulation
  • Bilateral redness
  • Watery discharge and itching
  • May have AM crusting.
27
Q

What is a Hordeolum (common stye)?
What are the two types caused by?
Tx?

A
  • Acute purulent inflammation (sterile or S aureus).
    1. Internal Hordeolum caused by meibomian gland
    2. External Hordeolum cause by eyelash follicle or lid-margin tear gland
  • Tx: warm compress.
28
Q

What is a chalazion?
Appearance:
Tx:

A

When a meibomian tear gland becomes obstructed.

  • Painless, rubbery, nodular
  • Often associated with blepharitis and rosaea
  • Tx: if failure to resolve = incision and drainage.
29
Q

What is xanthelasma and what is it indicative of?

A

Benign cholesterol deposits, indicative of HYPERLIPIDEMIA.

30
Q

What is fluorescein stain used to identify?

At what point in screening process is it used?

A

Identifiacation of epithelial defect due to foreign body.

Used AFTER completion of the screening.

31
Q

What is documentation of a normal eye exam?

A
  1. PERRLA EOMI
    (pupils equal, round reactive to light and accommodation, extra-ocular muscles intact.)
  2. Also: Orbits, eyelids, conjuctivae and sclera normal. Extraocular mvmts intact. Vision grossly intact, and funduscopic exam is unremarkable.
32
Q

What direction is the pt instructed to move eye to remove foreign bodies?

A

Eversion of the upper eyelid.

PCM III, Exam One (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions