Clinical Exam 2 Flashcards
Assessment
-information gathering
-information analysis
-information interpretation
Three primary purposes of assessment
-To determine presence of a disorder
-determining eligibility of services
-documenting progress
Diagnosis
Identification of a disease or disorder based on symptoms presented.
Prognosis
A forecast of the likely course of a disease of ailment; potential benefit from therapy of medical treatment.
Factors influencing prognosis include:
-Age
-Severity of communication disorder
-Family support
-Ongoing medical conditions
Four types of assessment tools:
-Case history interviews
-Norm-referenced tests
-Criterion-referenced procedures
-Observational Tools
Case History interviews:
Collecting information about the client and their communication disorder.
Norm-referenced tests:
Comparing a client’s performance to a sample of individuals who are similar to the client.
Criterion-referenced procedures:
Comparing client’s skills to a certain predetermined expectation.
Observational Tools:
Includes behavioral observations, structures sampling events, and dynamic assessment to gain information about clients with significant communication disorders or those who are very young.
Screening test:
A brief initial assessment procedure used to determine if an individual needs a comprehensive evaluation.
Valid Scores:
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
Reliable Scores:
When a test score remains stable, or similar, regardless of who gives the test of when the client takes it.
Norming Sample:
A group of individuals to whom a client taking a test is being compared.
Standard Score:
A derived score that has been transformed into a distribution with a known mean and standard deviation.
Standard Deviation Units:
Is the average distance that scores fall from the average.
Percentile Rank:
Is a derived score that indicates the percentage of individuals whose score falls at or below a given raw score.
Rules for standardization of a test:
- Everyone takes it under same conditions.
- Consistency in administration and scoring.
-Test manuals provide very specific instructions for administering and scoring.
-Clinicians follow these instructions in detail.
Purposes for communication sampling:
-Helpful for culturally diverse populations.
-Used with clients of all ages and all areas of speech and language problems.
-Used to demonstrate progress; that treatments make real, functional differences in clients’ lives
What are the types of nonverbal clients?
-Children who are at preverbal levels of development, not yet acquired symbolic language.
-Adolescents/adults with developmental disabilities who have precluded symbolic language learning.
-Clients who previously were typical language users but lost their skills due to injury or illness.
Principles for collecting a communication sample: nonverbal children
-For very young clients, this task will usually mean a play session with developmentally appropriate toys and a familiar person, such as a parent.
-For children with motor impairments, clinicians need to be especially careful to provide opportunities for the child to express wants, needs, and intents.
