Clinical Effects of Neoplasia

Question 1

What is cancer cachexia?

Answer 1

Profound lost of fat and lean mass with weakness, anorexia and anemia.

Question 2

What are paraneoplastic syndromes?

Answer 2

Hormones or hormone-like molecules NOT normally made by the tumor tissue creating symptoms.

Question 3

What cancer is a common cause of cushing syndrome and by what mechanism?

Answer 3

• Lung small cell cancer

- Via ACTH or ACTH-like substances

Question 4

What cancer is a common cause of SIADH and by what mechanism?

Answer 4

• Lung small cell cancer

- ADH or atrial natriuretic hormone.

Question 5

What cancer is a common cause of hypercalcemia and by what mechanism?

Answer 5

• Lung squamous cell cancer

- PTH-related protein, TGF-alpha, TNF, IL-1

Question 6

What is the mechanism of cancer causing carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 6

-Secretion of serotonin, bradykinin

Question 7

What cancer is a common cause of polycythemia and by what mechanism?

Answer 7

• Renal cancer

- Erythropoietin

Question 8

Lambert Eaton Syndrome

Answer 8

• Myasthenia (progressive muscle weakness)
• Paraneoplastic production of antibodies to voltage gated Ca channels in nerve endings
• Provoked by lung cancer in 50-70%

Question 9

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

Answer 9

• Most often with bronchogenic carcinoma
• New bone at distal ends of long bones, hands, feet, and proximal phalanges
• Arthritis of adjacent joints
• Clubbing of digits