Autoimmunity

Question 1

On what chromosome is MHC located?

Answer 1

Chromosome 6

Question 2

What HLA allele is associated with multiple sclerosis?

Answer 2

DR2

Question 3

What HLA allele is associated with Lupus?

Answer 3

DR2/DR3

Question 4

What HLA allele is associated with T1DM?

Answer 4

DR3/DR4

Question 5

What HLA allele is associated with Rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 5

DR4

Question 6

What HLA allele is associated with Ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 6

B27

Question 7

What disease is associated with the gene NOD2?

Answer 7

Crohn’s disease.

Question 8

What disease is associated with the genes C2, C4?

Answer 8

SLE.

Question 9

What disease is associated with the gene AIRE?

Answer 9

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS).

Question 10

What disease is associated with the gene CTLA4?

Answer 10

Autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome.

Question 11

What disease is associated with the gene FOXP3?

Answer 11

IPEX

Question 12

What disease is associated with the gene FAS?

Answer 12

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).

Question 13

In what 3 ways do infections promote autoimmunity?

Answer 13

1. Molecular mimicry
2. Infections (release of sequestered antigens)
3. Bystander activation

Question 14

What is molecular mimicry?

Answer 14

Some microbes may carry elements similar in structure to self-antigens, activated B and T cells cross-react to self.

Question 15

What is bystander activation?

Answer 15

Infections cause a nonspecific activation of surrounding lymphocytes, some which may be self-reactive.

Question 16

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 16

• Systemic chronic autoimmune disorder
• Usually affects males
• Most are HLA-B27+
• Affects axial spine leading to fusion of vertebra (bamboo spine).

Question 17

Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

Answer 17

• Multi-system autoimmune disorder
• Usually affects women
• Autoantibodies + immune complexes deposit in tissues
• Serum ANA is sensitive, not specific

Question 18

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 18

• Most common inflammatory arthritis
• Usually affects women
• Rheumatoid factor +, sensitive, not specific
• Cartilage and bony destruction of joints, particularly PIPs and MCPs

Question 19

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 19

• Autoantibody to the acetylcholine receptor on the neuromuscular endplate
• Progressive weakness, worse with use.

Question 20

Graves Disease

Answer 20

• Antibodies against TSH receptor on thyroid causing hyperthyroidism
• Usually affects women
• Prominent eyes

Question 21

Scleroderma

Answer 21

• Connective tissue disease resulting in thick skin and systemic fibrosis
• T cell stimulated collagen synthesis
• CREST
  
  • Calcinosis
  • Raynaud’s phenomenon
  • Esophageal dysfunction
  • Sclerodactylyl
  • Telangiectasias

Question 22

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 22

• T cell mediated autoimmune disease
• demyelination of brain and spinal cord
• MRI shows multiple lesions

Question 23

Type I DM

Answer 23

• Autoreactive CD8 cells destroy pancreatic beta cells
• Inability to produce insulin
• Usually presents in young people
• Often see other autoimmune diseases