Autoimmunity Flashcards
On what chromosome is MHC located?
Chromosome 6
What HLA allele is associated with multiple sclerosis?
DR2
What HLA allele is associated with Lupus?
DR2/DR3
What HLA allele is associated with T1DM?
DR3/DR4
What HLA allele is associated with Rheumatoid arthritis?
DR4
What HLA allele is associated with Ankylosing spondylitis?
B27
What disease is associated with the gene NOD2?
Crohn’s disease.
What disease is associated with the genes C2, C4?
SLE.
What disease is associated with the gene AIRE?
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS).
What disease is associated with the gene CTLA4?
Autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome.
What disease is associated with the gene FOXP3?
IPEX
What disease is associated with the gene FAS?
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).
In what 3 ways do infections promote autoimmunity?
- Molecular mimicry
- Infections (release of sequestered antigens)
- Bystander activation
What is molecular mimicry?
Some microbes may carry elements similar in structure to self-antigens, activated B and T cells cross-react to self.
What is bystander activation?
Infections cause a nonspecific activation of surrounding lymphocytes, some which may be self-reactive.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Systemic chronic autoimmune disorder
- Usually affects males
- Most are HLA-B27+
- Affects axial spine leading to fusion of vertebra (bamboo spine).
Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
- Multi-system autoimmune disorder
- Usually affects women
- Autoantibodies + immune complexes deposit in tissues
- Serum ANA is sensitive, not specific
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Most common inflammatory arthritis
- Usually affects women
- Rheumatoid factor +, sensitive, not specific
- Cartilage and bony destruction of joints, particularly PIPs and MCPs
Myasthenia Gravis
- Autoantibody to the acetylcholine receptor on the neuromuscular endplate
- Progressive weakness, worse with use.
Graves Disease
- Antibodies against TSH receptor on thyroid causing hyperthyroidism
- Usually affects women
- Prominent eyes
Scleroderma
- Connective tissue disease resulting in thick skin and systemic fibrosis
- T cell stimulated collagen synthesis
- CREST
- Calcinosis
- Raynaud’s phenomenon
- Esophageal dysfunction
- Sclerodactylyl
- Telangiectasias
Multiple Sclerosis
- T cell mediated autoimmune disease
- demyelination of brain and spinal cord
- MRI shows multiple lesions
Type I DM
- Autoreactive CD8 cells destroy pancreatic beta cells
- Inability to produce insulin
- Usually presents in young people
- Often see other autoimmune diseases
