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BDS1 CDS: Clinical Practice > Clinical Development of the Dentition > Flashcards

Clinical Development of the Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

What is orthodontics?

A

Orthodontics is that branch of dentistry concerned with facial growth, with development of the dentition and occlusion, and with the diagnosis, interception and treatment of occlusal anomalies.

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2
Q

What are the stages of development (of the dentition)?

A

Newborn, primary (deciduous) dentition, mixed dentition, permanent dentition

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3
Q

Describe newborn “dentition”

A

Gum pads, upper rounded, lower U shaped
Anterior open bite
Often appear very skeletal class 2

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4
Q

Describe skeletal class I (antero/posterior relationship)

A

Mandible is 2-3mm posterior to the maxilla

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5
Q

Describe skeletal class II (antero-posterior relationship)

A

Mandible is retruded relative to the maxilla

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6
Q

Describe skeletal class III (antero-posterior relationship)

A

Mandible is protruded relative to the maxilla

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7
Q

What is a natal tooth

A

A tooth present at birth. Rare. Needs to be removed

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8
Q

What is cleft lip and palate?

A

Congenital defect that has a profound impact on patient’s dental development. Structures that form the upper lip and palate fail to fuse. Require a lot of treatment, early intervention carried out throughout stages of life. Surgery and orthodontics required.

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9
Q

When do primary teeth erupt?

A

6 months - 3 years

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10
Q

Which primary teeth erupt first?

A

Lowers erupt before uppers

a-b-c-d-e

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11
Q

How does the primary dentition differ from permanent dentition?

A

Incisors are more upright than permanent dentition
Spaced
Often marked wear towards the end

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12
Q

Why is it best to having spacing in primary dentition?

A

To prevent crowding when permanent dentition erupt

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13
Q

What percentage of cases will show crowding with no spacing in primary dentition?

A

66% crowding

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14
Q

What percentage of cases will show crowding with <3mm spacing?

A

50% crowding

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15
Q

What percentage of cases will show crowding with 3-6mm spacing?

A

20% crowding

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16
Q

What percentage of cases will show crowding with >6mm spacing?

A

No crowding

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17
Q

Describe mixed dentition

A

Mixture of primary and permanent teeth
Age 6-13 approx.
Incisors and first molars erupt at age 6-8.5
Canines, premolars and second molars erupt at 10-12.5

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18
Q

Which teeth generally erupt at age 6?

A

Upper and lower 6s

Lower 1s

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19
Q

Which teeth generally erupt at age 7?

A

Upper 1s

Lower 2s

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20
Q

Which teeth generally erupt at age 8?

A

Upper 2s

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21
Q

Which teeth generally erupt at age 11?

A

Lower 3s

Upper and lower 4s

22
Q

Which teeth generally erupt at age 12?

A

Upper 3s
Upper and lower 5s
Upper and lower 7s

23
Q

How are permanent incisors accommodated?

A
  1. Spacing of the deciduous dentition
  2. Increase in inter-canine width: 3.5mm in the maxilla, 3.0mm in the mandible
  3. Path of erupt is more proclined - bigger arc of circle - increase in AP arch
24
Q

Which incisors erupt first?

A

Centrals before laterals

Lowers before uppers

25
Q

What are supernumerary teeth?

A

Extra teeth that can block permanent teeth from erupting. Need to be removed

26
Q

Where are supernumerary teeth most common?

A

In upper incisor region, can impeded eruption of permanent incisors

27
Q

What leads to an increase in A-P arch length?

A

Proclined permanent incisors

Primary incisors are more upright

28
Q

Define “microdontia”

A

Small permanent teeth - can build them up with composite, porcelain veneer, etc

29
Q

Define “macrodontia”

A

Teeth that are too big. Can be difficult to reduce size without invading the pulp chamber. May need to extract tooth and replace with a prosthetic one

30
Q

What is increased overjet?

A

Upper teeth sticking out a bit

Increases risk of trauma to the upper teeth

31
Q

What is posterior/buccal cross bite?

A

Uppers and lowers not aligned in transverse axis

32
Q

What is the “Leeway” space?

A

Difference in size between e, d, c and 3, 4, 5
Maxilla = 1.5mm
Mandible = 2.5mm

33
Q

What is dental alveolar disproportion?

A

Difference in size of teeth and space available to accommodate them in the jaw

34
Q

What is transposition?

A

Where 2 permanent teeth get swapped over. Usually involves the upper canine.

35
Q

Why is the upper canine usually involved in transposition?

A

The upper canine takes longer to erupt as it develops high up. More scope for it to lose its way and get swapped over with another tooth germ on the way down.

36
Q

What are the features of an ideal static occlusion?

A
  1. Incisors slightly proclined, with the lower incisal edge in contact with the cingulum plateau of the maxillary teeth. Overjet and overbite 2-4mm on average.
  2. The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary permanent molar occludes with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar.
  3. Long axis of the teeth have a slight mesial inclination EXCEPT the lower incisors
  4. Tight approximal contacts with no rotations
  5. Flat occlusal plane or slight curve of Spee
  6. The crowns of the canines back to the molars have a lingual inclination
37
Q

Describe Class I (incisor classification)

A

The lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors

38
Q

Describe Class II Div 1 (incisor classification)

A

The lower incisal edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors
The upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination, the overjet is increased

39
Q

Describe Class II Div 2 (incisor classification)

A

The lower incisal edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors
The upper central incisors are retroclined, the overjet is usually minimal but can be increased

40
Q

Describe Class III

A

The lower incisal edges lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors
The overjet is reduced or reversed

41
Q

Define overjet

A

Distance between the upper and lower incisors in the horizontal plane (normal overjet is 2-4mm)

42
Q

Define overbite

A

Vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors when viewed anteriorly
One third to one half coverage of the lower incisors is normal

43
Q

Define crowding

A

When there is insufficient space to accommodate the teeth in perfect alignment

44
Q

Define hypodontia

A

Congenital absence of one or more teeth

45
Q

Define leeway space

A

Difference in mesio-distal diameter between c, d, e and 3, 4, 5

46
Q

Define reverse overjet

A

The lower incisors lie anterior to the upper incisors

47
Q

Define malocclusion

A

Variation from the ideal occlusion which has dental health and/or psychosocial implications for the individual

48
Q

Define ideal occlusion

A

Anatomically perfect arrangement teeth

49
Q

Define normal occlusion

A

Acceptable variation from the ideal occlusion

50
Q

Define buccal cross bite

A

The buccal cusps of the lower premolars and/or molars occlude buccally to the buccal cusps of the upper premolars and/or molars

51
Q

What are natal teeth?

A

A tooth which is present at birth or erupts soon after

52
Q

Define transposition

A

The interchange in position between 2 teeth

BDS1 CDS: Clinical Practice (3 decks)

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