Clinical Correlations

Question 1

External jugular vein

Answer 1

Act as barometer, indicate impeded blood flow

Question 2

Infection in pretracheal layer

Answer 2

Can spread to thoracic cavity

Question 3

Infection in retropharyngeal space

Answer 3

Can spread to posterior/superior mediastinum - esophagus

Question 4

Abcess posterior to SCM

Answer 4

Dysphagia and dysarthia

Question 5

Torticollis

Answer 5

Injury to SCM either congenital (tumor) or acquired (childbirth), neck flexed on affected side, chin pointing to opposite

Question 6

IJV punctue

Answer 6

In lesser supraclavicular triangle, lateral to cc, diagnostic

Question 7

Subclavian vein puncture

Answer 7

In lesser supraclavicular triangle, central line, careful to avoid pleura

Question 8

Body of common carotid

Answer 8

Chemoreceptor

Question 9

Sinus of common carotid

Answer 9

Baroreceptor

Question 10

Thyroidectomy

Answer 10

Removal of thyroid
Note removing parathyroid - seizures

Question 11

Remnant of thyroglossal duct

Answer 11

Accessory tissue/pyramidal lobe

Question 12

Tracheostomy

Answer 12

2-4 ring of trachea
Retract infrahyoid muscles
Inferior thyroid vein, thyroid ima a can be at risk

Question 13

Treacher Collins Syndrome

Answer 13

1st arch syndrome
Deformed ears, downward slanting

Question 14

Pierre Robin Sequence

Answer 14

1st arch syndrome
Micrognathia, cleft palate

Question 15

Branchial cyst

Answer 15

Cervical sinus does not obliterate
Lateral and anterior to SCM

Question 16

Virchow’s node

Answer 16

Supraclavicular LN, positive Troisier’s sign = metastasis of cancer

Question 17

Infection in mastoid process

Answer 17

Spreads to sigmoid sinus

Question 18

Trauma to orbit

Answer 18

Maxillary sinus

Question 19

Epidural hematoma

Answer 19

Mma + skull fracture

Question 20

Subdural hematoma

Answer 20

Bridging vein

Question 21

Subarachnoid hematoma

Answer 21

Aneurysm

Question 22

Fracture of ethmoid bone

Answer 22

Can cause anosmia

Question 23

Optic nerve lesion

Answer 23

Ipsilateral blindness

Question 24

Central optic chasm lesions

Answer 24

No temporal vision on either side

Question 25

Lateral optic chiasm

Answer 25

No temporal vision on ipsilateral side

Question 26

Optic tract lesions

Answer 26

No nasal vision on ipsilateral No temporal vision on contralateral

Question 27

Oculomotor nerve lesion

Answer 27

No accommodation, diplopia, posts, lateral strabismis, dilated pupils

Question 28

Trochlear nerve lesion

Answer 28

Double vision

Question 29

Trigeminal nerve lesion

Answer 29

Paralysis of jaw with deviation to lesion Loss of sensation, sneezing, corneal reflex

Question 30

Abducens nerve lesion

Answer 30

Tinnitus, loss of hearing or balance

Question 31

Facial nerve lesion

Answer 31

Bell's palsy, tears with eating

Question 32

Glossopharyngeal nerve lesion

Answer 32

Loss of taste on post 1/3, swallowing, gag, palate deviation away from lesion

Question 33

Vagus nerve lesion

Answer 33

Dysphagia, paralysis of cricothyroid, hoarseness/dysphonia

Question 34

Spinal accessory nerve lesion

Answer 34

Paralysis of SCM and traps

Question 35

Hypoglossal nerve lesion

Answer 35

Tongue deviates towards lesion, can't protrude

Question 36

Horner syndrome

Answer 36

Dry skin on affected side, sunken eyes, eyelid drooping (ptosis), constricted pupil, no pupil reflex

Question 37

Parotiditis

Answer 37

Pain conveyed via greater auricular with chewing

Question 38

Compress bare area of jaw

Answer 38

Stop facial nerve bleeding

Question 39

Frey's syndrome

Answer 39

Sweat when eating due to damage to auriculotemproal nerve - instead of parasympathetic (saliva), sympathetic (sweat)

Question 40

Anterior dislocation of jaw

Answer 40

Excessive yawning

Question 41

Orbital fracture

Answer 41

Medial and inferior are most vulnerable

Question 42

Coloboma

Answer 42

Persistence of choroid tissue Bottle shaped gap

Question 43

Retinal detachment

Answer 43

Infraretinal space reopens

Question 44

Fenestrated pupil

Answer 44

Persistence of iridopupillary membrane

Question 45

Glaucoma

Answer 45

Flow of aqueous humor stopped