Clinical Considerations of the Upper Respiratory System (Parrot) Flashcards
When do frontal sinuses develop?
Age 8-10
What are we looking at?
Top = Normal turbinates of the nose
Bottom= Pale and swollen turbinates, clear rhinnorhea
What are we looking at here?
Top = normal throat, normal size
Middle = Tonsillar erythema, swelling and exudate
Bottom = Tonsillar swelling
What are we looing at?
Cobblestoning
*Indicative of post nasal drainage, mucus is draining down the back of the thoat causing irritation of the throat
How do you perform a thorough mouth exam?
- Wear gloves
- Get good view of oral mucosa and gingiva
- Check ventral aspect of tongue
- Grip tongue with cauze to check lateral borders
Label:
When peforming an ear exam, what are you checking?
- External ear
- Drainage/redness
- Tenderness of the tragus
Describe the whisper test
Softly whisper into each ear
Ask pt. to repeat what was whispered
OR
Place hand near both ears, then rub fingers near pt. ear one at a time, allow pt. to tell examiner which ear hear the sound
What are we looking at?
Normal ear
CONE OF LIGHT
What are we looking at here?
Otitis Media
Bulging TM with varying degree of erythema
When checking the lymph nodes, what are you looking for?
*Using the pads of the middle three fingers
- Texture (i.e. rubbery, hard, soft)
- Size (pea size, quarter size)
- Tenderness
What are we looking at?
Left image = Normal Throat
Right image = Strep Throat
What are standard indications for strep throat?
- Errethymeitous
- Cheesy like deposits
- Pre-palatine patiekei?! (not sure how to spell that)
What is pharyngitis?
Inflammation of pharynx with resulting sore throat
Common symptoms for viral pharyngitis?
Coryza (inflammed mucus membrane)
Conjunctivitis
Malaise
Hoarseness
Low-grade fever
Most likely cause of pharyngitis?
VIRAL
Streptococcal Pharyngitis is caused by ____________________
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
(Streptococcus pyogenes)
What are common symptoms for strep throat?
- Sore throat
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Body Aches
- Nausea
Why does it make sense a common symptom of strep throat is
Nausa?
As seen on the HOMUNCULUS
Pharynx is right next to intra abdominal organs
*Irritation of pharynx affects the neighboring structures
Highest likelihood of strep?
- Children 5-15
- Winter and early spring seasons
- ABSENCE of cough
- Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
- Tonsillary exudate
- Fever
What is a centor score?
Clinical decision rule for management of sore throat
Treatment for strep?
Antibiotics, i.e. penicillin
Conservative management: NSAIDs, cough drops, chloraseptic sprays
Ear infections
State the name of the infection when the
Middle
Outer
Inner
Ear is infected
Middle = Acute otitis media (AOM), Otitis media w/ effusion
Outer = Otitis externa
Inner = Labryinithitis
What are we looking at here?
