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PCM Final Exam > Clinical Considerations of the Upper Respiratory System (Parrot) > Flashcards

Clinical Considerations of the Upper Respiratory System (Parrot) Flashcards

1
Q

When do frontal sinuses develop?

A

Age 8-10

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2
Q

What are we looking at?

A

Top = Normal turbinates of the nose

Bottom= Pale and swollen turbinates, clear rhinnorhea

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3
Q

What are we looking at here?

A

Top = normal throat, normal size

Middle = Tonsillar erythema, swelling and exudate

Bottom = Tonsillar swelling

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4
Q

What are we looing at?

A

Cobblestoning

*Indicative of post nasal drainage, mucus is draining down the back of the thoat causing irritation of the throat

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5
Q

How do you perform a thorough mouth exam?

A
  • Wear gloves
  • Get good view of oral mucosa and gingiva
  • Check ventral aspect of tongue
  • Grip tongue with cauze to check lateral borders
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6
Q

Label:

A
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7
Q

When peforming an ear exam, what are you checking?

A
  • External ear
  • Drainage/redness
  • Tenderness of the tragus
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8
Q

Describe the whisper test

A

Softly whisper into each ear

Ask pt. to repeat what was whispered

OR

Place hand near both ears, then rub fingers near pt. ear one at a time, allow pt. to tell examiner which ear hear the sound

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9
Q

What are we looking at?

A

Normal ear

CONE OF LIGHT

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10
Q

What are we looking at here?

A

Otitis Media

Bulging TM with varying degree of erythema

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11
Q

When checking the lymph nodes, what are you looking for?

A

*Using the pads of the middle three fingers

  • Texture (i.e. rubbery, hard, soft)
  • Size (pea size, quarter size)
  • Tenderness
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12
Q

What are we looking at?

A

Left image = Normal Throat

Right image = Strep Throat

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13
Q

What are standard indications for strep throat?

A
  • Errethymeitous
  • Cheesy like deposits
  • Pre-palatine patiekei?! (not sure how to spell that)
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14
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of pharynx with resulting sore throat

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15
Q

Common symptoms for viral pharyngitis?

A

Coryza (inflammed mucus membrane)

Conjunctivitis

Malaise

Hoarseness

Low-grade fever

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16
Q

Most likely cause of pharyngitis?

A

VIRAL

17
Q

Streptococcal Pharyngitis is caused by ____________________

A

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

(Streptococcus pyogenes)

18
Q

What are common symptoms for strep throat?

A
  • Sore throat
  • Headache
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Body Aches
  • Nausea
19
Q

Why does it make sense a common symptom of strep throat is

Nausa?

A

As seen on the HOMUNCULUS

Pharynx is right next to intra abdominal organs

*Irritation of pharynx affects the neighboring structures

20
Q

Highest likelihood of strep?

A
  • Children 5-15
  • Winter and early spring seasons
  • ABSENCE of cough
  • Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Tonsillary exudate
  • Fever
21
Q

What is a centor score?

A

Clinical decision rule for management of sore throat

22
Q

Treatment for strep?

A

Antibiotics, i.e. penicillin

Conservative management: NSAIDs, cough drops, chloraseptic sprays

23
Q

Ear infections

State the name of the infection when the

Middle

Outer

Inner

Ear is infected

A

Middle = Acute otitis media (AOM), Otitis media w/ effusion

Outer = Otitis externa

Inner = Labryinithitis

24
Q

What are we looking at here?

A
25
Q

What is this?

aka?

Caused by?

A

Otitis Externa

“Swimmer’s ear”

Bacteria entering small break in skin of canal

*Very painful

26
Q

What is this?

A

Otosclerosis

Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone

27
Q

Weber Test

Describe what is defined by

NORMAL

CONDUCTIVE LOSS

SENSORINEURAL LOSS

A

NORMAL = midline and hear equally

CONDUCTIVE LOSS = lateralizes to affected side

SENSORINEURAL LOSS = lateralizes to the side opposite the affected ear

28
Q

Rinne Test

Describe what is defined as:

NORMAL

CONDUCTIVE LOSS

A

NORMAL: Air conduction > bone conduction

CONDUCTIVE LOSS: Bone conduction > air conduction

29
Q

Rhinosinusitis/ Sinusitis

Definition?

Infectious causes?

Signs/Symptoms?

A

Definition= mucosal lining in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity becomes inflamed

Infectious causes= bacterial/viral

Signs/Symptoms=Nasal discharge, cough, sneezing, nasal congestion, fever, headache, pain, facial pressure

30
Q

Hallmark of bacterial sinusitis?

A

DOUBLE SICKENING

(initially gets slightly better then gets worse)

31
Q

What is Croup?

A

AKA Laryngotracheitis

Swelling of the larynx, trachea, bronchi causing inspiratory stridor and barking cough in children 6 to 3 years old

32
Q

What is Epiglottitis?

A

Swelling of epiglottis

Caused by flu

*THIS IS EMERGENT! May need to intubate

33
Q

Abbreviation MCC means?

A

Most common cause

34
Q

Differential for ENT causes of vertigo?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

Vestibular Neuritis

Labryinthitis

Meniere’s disease

35
Q

What are techniques used for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)?

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

Epley Maneuver

PCM Final Exam (7 decks)

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