Clinical Considerations for Lab 12

Question 1

Angina Pectoris (D)

Answer 1

“Man grabbing chest” Severe pain that accompanies myocardial ischemia

Question 2

Cardiomyopathy (D)

Answer 2

” Flo in a vent” A progressive disorder in which ventricular structure is impaired

Question 3

Tachycardia (D)

Answer 3

Rapid heart rate x greater than 100 BPM

Question 4

Bradycardia (D)

Answer 4

Slow heart rate x less than 50 BPM

Question 5

Heart Murmur (D)

Answer 5

“Heart speaking…” abnormal sound (clicking, rushing, or gurgling noise) heard before, between, or after the normal heart sound

Question 6

Sick Sinus Syndrome (D & S)

Answer 6

“Sick/Sad SA node” D: abnormally functioning SA node that initiates heartbeats too slowly or rapidly, pauses too long between heartbeats, or stops producing heartbeats. S: lightheadedness, Shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, and palpitations.

Question 7

Myocarditis (D &C)

Answer 7

“Inflamed middle of heart car” d: inflammation of the myocardium C: complication of viral infection, Rheumatic fever, or exposure to radiation or certain chemicals or medications.

Question 8

Endocarditis (D &C)

Answer 8

“Snoop-dogg smoking into vacuum in the back of the heart car” D: inflammation of the endocardium and typically involves heart valves C: most bacterial infections

Question 9

Pericarditis (D&C)

Answer 9

“Perry the platypus and the front of the heart car” D: inflammation of the pericardium C: unknown/maybe viral infection

Question 10

Acute pericarditis (S & T)

Answer 10

“Perry the platypus’ girlfriend with make-up at the front of the heart car” S: pain in the left shoulder and left arm or pericardial friction rub - causes scratchy or creaking sound lasts about a week Tx: aspirin or ibuprofen

Question 11

Chronic Pericarditis ( S, C, & T)

Answer 11

“Perry the platypus’ cousin passing the “chronic” to snoop dogg” S: gradual/long lasting build of of pericardial fluid “cardiac tamponade” - leads to decreased venous return, cardiac output and BP leading to difficulty breathing (Paul coughing) Tx: drain fluid.

Question 12

Myocardial Ischemia (D)

Answer 12

D - partial obstruction of blood flow in the coronary arteries.

Question 13

Myocardial Infarction (D & S)

Answer 13

(Heart death by “fart”) D: complete obstruction of blood flow in the coronary artery leading to death of an area of tissue because of interrupted blood supply. S: replacement of normal tissue with non-contractile scar tissue, loss of heart strength and ventricular fibrillation

Question 14

Heart Valve disorders

Answer 14

“MIAAS - Mia and heart issues with heart break” MVP, insufficiency, Aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, stenosis.

Question 15

Stenosis (D)

Answer 15

Narrowing of the heart valve opening that restricts blood flow

Question 16

Insufficiency (D)

Answer 16

“incomplete” D - failure of valve to close all the way

Question 17

Mitral stenosis (D)

Answer 17

Scar formation or a congenital defect causing narrowing of the mitral valve or insufficiency - (Caused by back flow from the left ventricle to left atrium)

Question 18

MVP (D & FF)

Answer 18

“MVP trophy” Mitral valve prolapse - one or both cusps of mitral valve protrude into the left atrium during contraction (Most common HVD occurs more commonly in females)

Question 19

Aortic stenosis

Answer 19

“orca squished” D - aortic valve narrowed

Question 20

Aortic insufficiency (D)

Answer 20

D - back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle

Question 21

What is a common cause of HVDs? Why?

Answer 21

Rheumatic Fever. Rheumatic Fever is an acute systemic inflammatory disease C: streptococcal infection of the throat, antibodies attack joints, heart valves, and other organs.

Question 22

What is a common treatment for HVDs?

Answer 22

Replacement of the heart valve. The aortic valve is the one that needs to be replaced the most.

Question 23

Congestive heart failure (D & C)

Answer 23

“Heart with mucous coming out of its nose” D: loss of pumping efficiency of the heart C: Coronary artery disease, congenital defects, LT - HBP, myocardial infarction, and valve disorders.

Question 24

Ventricular fibrillation (D)

Answer 24

“Ventricles -Freezing” The most deadly arrhythmia in which contractions of the ventricular fibers are completely asynchronous such that the ventricle quiver rather than in a co-ordinated way

Question 25

Ventricular tachycardia (D)

Answer 25

“V - Tach” an arrhythmia that originates in the ventricles and is characterized by 4 or more ventricular premature contractions. Ventricles beat too fast x greater than 120 BPM.

Question 26

Ventricular Premature contraction (D)

Answer 26

An arrhythmia that arises when an ectopic focus, a region of the heart other than the conduction system, becomes more excitable than normal and causes an occasional abnormal AP.

Question 27

CAD (D)

Answer 27

Accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques that lead to a reduction in blood flow to the myocardium

Question 28

CAD (RF)

Answer 28

“Ssagg” Smoking, sedentary life style, diabetes, high blood pressure, age, gender, genetics

Question 29

CAD (Development)

Answer 29

LDL deposits into the wall of blood vessels, macrophages consume them becoming foamy, T cells increased the inflammatory response forming fatty plaques (streaks) leading to atherosclerosis.