Clinical Considerations for Lab 12 Flashcards
Angina Pectoris (D)
“Man grabbing chest” Severe pain that accompanies myocardial ischemia
Cardiomyopathy (D)
” Flo in a vent” A progressive disorder in which ventricular structure is impaired
Tachycardia (D)
Rapid heart rate x greater than 100 BPM
Bradycardia (D)
Slow heart rate x less than 50 BPM
Heart Murmur (D)
“Heart speaking…” abnormal sound (clicking, rushing, or gurgling noise) heard before, between, or after the normal heart sound
Sick Sinus Syndrome (D & S)
“Sick/Sad SA node” D: abnormally functioning SA node that initiates heartbeats too slowly or rapidly, pauses too long between heartbeats, or stops producing heartbeats. S: lightheadedness, Shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, and palpitations.
Myocarditis (D &C)
“Inflamed middle of heart car” d: inflammation of the myocardium C: complication of viral infection, Rheumatic fever, or exposure to radiation or certain chemicals or medications.
Endocarditis (D &C)
“Snoop-dogg smoking into vacuum in the back of the heart car” D: inflammation of the endocardium and typically involves heart valves C: most bacterial infections
Pericarditis (D&C)
“Perry the platypus and the front of the heart car” D: inflammation of the pericardium C: unknown/maybe viral infection
Acute pericarditis (S & T)
“Perry the platypus’ girlfriend with make-up at the front of the heart car” S: pain in the left shoulder and left arm or pericardial friction rub - causes scratchy or creaking sound lasts about a week Tx: aspirin or ibuprofen
Chronic Pericarditis ( S, C, & T)
“Perry the platypus’ cousin passing the “chronic” to snoop dogg” S: gradual/long lasting build of of pericardial fluid “cardiac tamponade” - leads to decreased venous return, cardiac output and BP leading to difficulty breathing (Paul coughing) Tx: drain fluid.
Myocardial Ischemia (D)
D - partial obstruction of blood flow in the coronary arteries.
Myocardial Infarction (D & S)
(Heart death by “fart”) D: complete obstruction of blood flow in the coronary artery leading to death of an area of tissue because of interrupted blood supply. S: replacement of normal tissue with non-contractile scar tissue, loss of heart strength and ventricular fibrillation
Heart Valve disorders
“MIAAS - Mia and heart issues with heart break” MVP, insufficiency, Aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, stenosis.
Stenosis (D)
Narrowing of the heart valve opening that restricts blood flow
Insufficiency (D)
“incomplete” D - failure of valve to close all the way
Mitral stenosis (D)
Scar formation or a congenital defect causing narrowing of the mitral valve or insufficiency - (Caused by back flow from the left ventricle to left atrium)
MVP (D & FF)
“MVP trophy” Mitral valve prolapse - one or both cusps of mitral valve protrude into the left atrium during contraction (Most common HVD occurs more commonly in females)
Aortic stenosis
“orca squished” D - aortic valve narrowed
Aortic insufficiency (D)
D - back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle
What is a common cause of HVDs? Why?
Rheumatic Fever. Rheumatic Fever is an acute systemic inflammatory disease C: streptococcal infection of the throat, antibodies attack joints, heart valves, and other organs.
What is a common treatment for HVDs?
Replacement of the heart valve. The aortic valve is the one that needs to be replaced the most.
Congestive heart failure (D & C)
“Heart with mucous coming out of its nose” D: loss of pumping efficiency of the heart C: Coronary artery disease, congenital defects, LT - HBP, myocardial infarction, and valve disorders.
Ventricular fibrillation (D)
“Ventricles -Freezing” The most deadly arrhythmia in which contractions of the ventricular fibers are completely asynchronous such that the ventricle quiver rather than in a co-ordinated way
