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PMLS > Clinical Chemistry > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

started the belief that diseases are caused by imbalances of humors

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

explained diseases in terms of localized pathologic anatomy

A

Giovanni Morgagni

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3
Q

Father of Modern Chemistry

“chemical analysis is a refined type of dissection”

A

Antoine Laurent Lavoiser

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4
Q

“living organisms contain a vital force that were unique and cannot be duplicated in the laboratory”

A

vitalists

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5
Q

“life could be fully explained by chemical and physical principles and properties like machines”

A

mechanists

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6
Q

“there is a continuity between man and animals”

A

darwinists

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7
Q

succesful in isolating urea from urine samples, toppling vitalism

A

Antoine Francois de Fourcroy

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8
Q

able to synthesize urea in vitro by evaporating an isometric solution of ammonium cyanate and gave the first proof against vitalism

A

Friedrich Wohler

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9
Q

able to synthesize organic compunds like ethanol, formic acid, and benzene via chemical treatments of inorganic compounds

A

Marcellin Berthelot

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10
Q

discovered that glycogen was formed by the liver contradicting vitalist belief that only plants can produce complex compounds

A

Claude Bernard

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11
Q

the first to observe that urea and albumin concentration in plasma is inversely proportionate to concentration in urine

A

John Bostock

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12
Q

a vitalist to make the first true connection between chemistry and medical practice

A

William Prout

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13
Q

stressed the diagnostic value of chemistry and using english in medicine

A

Henry Bence Jones

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14
Q

“chemical studies are relevant to clinical medicine”

A

Thomas Hodgkin

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15
Q

first to establish Chemist Microscopist position

A

Massachusetts General Hospital

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16
Q

proposed American Hospitals to employ clinical chemists to differentiate between physiologic and pathologic

A

Otto Knut Folin

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17
Q

determined reference intervals of chemicals/analytes, correlating abnormal values with pathologic conditions

A

Otto Knut Folin and Donald Dexter Van Slyke

18
Q

protein free filtrate to determine blood sugar and Dubsoq type colorimeter for creatinine in urine

A

Otto Knut Folin and Hsien Wu

19
Q

developed alkaline picrate method for determination of creatinine concentration

A

Max Jaffe

20
Q

observation of the intensity of colored product after chemical reactions

A

colorimetry

21
Q

measurement of light absorbance at selected wavelengths

A

spectrophotometry

22
Q

the first attempt in automation continuous flow instrument that reacted with specimen reagents to produce a measurable color density

A

Auto-Analyzer

23
Q

the second attempt in automation and the first clinical analyzer to incorporate a computer

A

centrifugal analyzer

24
Q

capable of running multiple tests

A

Sequential Multiple Analyzer with Computer

25
Q

introduced the perfected technology of automated pipetting

A

Beckman Astra

26
Q

the most commonly performed assay in clinical chemistry

A

blood sugar testing

27
Q

blood sugar testing detects

A

hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic states

28
Q

blood sugar testing that measures the level of glucose at any time of the day

A

random blood sugar

29
Q

blood sugar testing that prohibits the patient to eat and drink any liquids other than water for at least eight hours

A

fasting blood sugar

30
Q

blood sugar testing usually for pregnant patients to rule out or confirm diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

A

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

31
Q

reflects the average blood glucose levels over a three month period

A

Hemoglobin A1c test
Glycated hemoglobin
Glycosylated hemoglobin

32
Q

a combination of tests to check for any risks of cardiovascular diseases

A

Lipid Profile Tests

33
Q

three concentrations determined in the Lipid Profile tests

A

fatty acids or triglycerides- the storage form of fat
cholesterol- steroid alcohol and precursor of hormones
lipoproteins- carriers of cholesterol and triglycerides

34
Q

four types of lipoproteins measured

A

Low Density Lipoprotein
High Density Lipoprotein
Very Low Density Lipoprotein
Chylomicrons

35
Q

transports cholesterol from LIVER to PERIPHERAL TISSUES

A

Low Density Lipoprotein or bad cholesterol

36
Q

transports cholesterol from PERIPHERAL TISSUES to LIVER for metabolism

A

High Density Lipoprotein good cholesterol

37
Q

transports EXOGENOUS triglycerides (coming from diet) to muscles and adipocytes

A

Chylomicrons

38
Q

transports ENDOGENOUS triglycerides

A

VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

39
Q

tests for kidney

A

Renal Funtion Tests

40
Q

Renal Function Tests include

A

Creatinine
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Blood Uric Acid

41
Q

waste product of muscle metabolism thats is elevated in impaired renal function

A

creatinine

PMLS (6 decks)

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