Clinical Chemistry

Question 1

started the belief that diseases are caused by imbalances of humors

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

explained diseases in terms of localized pathologic anatomy

Answer 2

Giovanni Morgagni

Question 3

Father of Modern Chemistry

“chemical analysis is a refined type of dissection”

Answer 3

Antoine Laurent Lavoiser

Question 4

“living organisms contain a vital force that were unique and cannot be duplicated in the laboratory”

Answer 4

vitalists

Question 5

“life could be fully explained by chemical and physical principles and properties like machines”

Answer 5

mechanists

Question 6

“there is a continuity between man and animals”

Answer 6

darwinists

Question 7

succesful in isolating urea from urine samples, toppling vitalism

Answer 7

Antoine Francois de Fourcroy

Question 8

able to synthesize urea in vitro by evaporating an isometric solution of ammonium cyanate and gave the first proof against vitalism

Answer 8

Friedrich Wohler

Question 9

able to synthesize organic compunds like ethanol, formic acid, and benzene via chemical treatments of inorganic compounds

Answer 9

Marcellin Berthelot

Question 10

discovered that glycogen was formed by the liver contradicting vitalist belief that only plants can produce complex compounds

Answer 10

Claude Bernard

Question 11

the first to observe that urea and albumin concentration in plasma is inversely proportionate to concentration in urine

Answer 11

John Bostock

Question 12

a vitalist to make the first true connection between chemistry and medical practice

Answer 12

William Prout

Question 13

stressed the diagnostic value of chemistry and using english in medicine

Answer 13

Henry Bence Jones

Question 14

“chemical studies are relevant to clinical medicine”

Answer 14

Thomas Hodgkin

Question 15

first to establish Chemist Microscopist position

Answer 15

Massachusetts General Hospital

Question 16

proposed American Hospitals to employ clinical chemists to differentiate between physiologic and pathologic

Answer 16

Otto Knut Folin

Question 17

determined reference intervals of chemicals/analytes, correlating abnormal values with pathologic conditions

Answer 17

Otto Knut Folin and Donald Dexter Van Slyke

Question 18

protein free filtrate to determine blood sugar and Dubsoq type colorimeter for creatinine in urine

Answer 18

Otto Knut Folin and Hsien Wu

Question 19

developed alkaline picrate method for determination of creatinine concentration

Answer 19

Max Jaffe

Question 20

observation of the intensity of colored product after chemical reactions

Answer 20

colorimetry

Question 21

measurement of light absorbance at selected wavelengths

Answer 21

spectrophotometry

Question 22

the first attempt in automation continuous flow instrument that reacted with specimen reagents to produce a measurable color density

Answer 22

Auto-Analyzer

Question 23

the second attempt in automation and the first clinical analyzer to incorporate a computer

Answer 23

centrifugal analyzer

Question 24

capable of running multiple tests

Answer 24

Sequential Multiple Analyzer with Computer

Question 25

introduced the perfected technology of automated pipetting

Answer 25

Beckman Astra

Question 26

the most commonly performed assay in clinical chemistry

Answer 26

blood sugar testing

Question 27

blood sugar testing detects

Answer 27

hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic states

Question 28

blood sugar testing that measures the level of glucose at any time of the day

Answer 28

random blood sugar

Question 29

blood sugar testing that prohibits the patient to eat and drink any liquids other than water for at least eight hours

Answer 29

fasting blood sugar

Question 30

blood sugar testing usually for pregnant patients to rule out or confirm diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 30

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Question 31

reflects the average blood glucose levels over a three month period

Answer 31

Hemoglobin A1c test Glycated hemoglobin Glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 32

a combination of tests to check for any risks of cardiovascular diseases

Answer 32

Lipid Profile Tests

Question 33

three concentrations determined in the Lipid Profile tests

Answer 33

fatty acids or triglycerides- the storage form of fat cholesterol- steroid alcohol and precursor of hormones lipoproteins- carriers of cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 34

four types of lipoproteins measured

Answer 34

Low Density Lipoprotein High Density Lipoprotein Very Low Density Lipoprotein Chylomicrons

Question 35

transports cholesterol from LIVER to PERIPHERAL TISSUES

Answer 35

Low Density Lipoprotein or bad cholesterol

Question 36

transports cholesterol from PERIPHERAL TISSUES to LIVER for metabolism

Answer 36

High Density Lipoprotein good cholesterol

Question 37

transports EXOGENOUS triglycerides (coming from diet) to muscles and adipocytes

Answer 37

Chylomicrons

Question 38

transports ENDOGENOUS triglycerides

Answer 38

VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

Question 39

tests for kidney

Answer 39

Renal Funtion Tests

Question 40

Renal Function Tests include

Answer 40

Creatinine Blood Urea Nitrogen Blood Uric Acid

Question 41

waste product of muscle metabolism thats is elevated in impaired renal function

Answer 41

creatinine