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Class 22010 Hematologic, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems > CLINICAL CARE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM > Flashcards

CLINICAL CARE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What is an immunologically mediated hypersensitivity reaction to a foreign antigen manifested by tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction?

A

Allergy

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2
Q

The clinical expression of allergic diseases depends on what?

A
  1. prior immunologic responsiveness
  2. antigen exposure
  3. genetically influenced host factors
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3
Q

What is the most serious and potentially life-threatening manifestation of mast cells and basophil mediator release?

A

Anaphylaxis

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4
Q

What is defined as, allergen exposure followed by the acute onset of illness involving skin or mucosal tissue and either respiratory compromise or hypotension?

A

Anaphylaxis

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5
Q

Immediate allergic reactions within 2 hours of ingestion of foods are much less common among what group?

A

much less common among adults than with children

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6
Q

What are the most common causes of food anaphylaxis in adults?

A
  1. shellfish
  2. peanuts
  3. tree nuts
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7
Q

True or false

Milk and egg allergies in atopic children are often outgrown by adulthood

A

True

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8
Q

How quickly or slowly can signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis typically occur?

A
  1. within 30 minutes

2. can take up to several hours

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9
Q

What are some lab findings you would see with anaphylaxis ?

A

Elevated serum levels of mast cell mediators, such as tryptase and histamine,
may be detected shortly after a reaction providing support to the diagnosis.

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10
Q

What is the cornerstone of treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline, epi-pen)

0.2-0.5mcg SC or IM q 5-15 minutes as needed (max 1mg)

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11
Q

What are these examples of?

  • Loratadine 10mg orally once daily
  • Desloratadine 5mg once daily
  • Fexofenadine 60mg twice daily or 120mg once daily
A

Adjunctive antihistamine treatments for anaphylaxis

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12
Q

What is a bronchodilator you can use for anaphylaxis?

A

Albuterol
2 puffs q 15 minutes as needed for SOB
OR 20mg continuous nebulizer treatment

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13
Q

What is a corticosteroid you could use for anaphylaxis ?

A 
Methylprednisone 
125mg IV (x1 dose)
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14
Q

After initial anaphylaxis, can you have a delayed repeat episode?

A

Yes, you need to monitor for this. Can happen up to 4 hours after initial treatment

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15
Q

Patients with new or unexplained anaphylaxis should be evaluated by who?

A

allergist

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16
Q

What is the formation of a allergen mediated rash known as?

A

Urticaria

17
Q

What is the eruption of evanescent wheals or hives that are acute and self limited?

A

urticaria

18
Q

What could possibly be the cause for chronic urticaria?

A

autoimmune basis

19
Q

itchy red swellings of a few millimeters to many centimeters would be what?

A

Urticaria

20
Q

Individual lesions in true urticaria last how long?

A

less than 24 hours, often only 2-4 hours

21
Q

What form of urticaria is triggered by a rise in core body temperature (hot showers, exercise)? Describe the wheals associated with this

A
  1. Cholinergic urticaria

2. wheals are 2-3 mm in diameter with large surrounding red flare

22
Q

What is urticaria that is triggered from insect bites?

A

papular urticaria, can last for days

23
Q

True or False

Lab studies are likely to be helpful in the evaluation of acute urticaria

A

False

24
Q

What is the initial mainstay treatment for urticaria?

A

Antihistamines

25
Q

How long does acute urticaria usually last?

A

few days to weeks

26
Q

What is the swelling of vascular tissue involving deep subcutaneous tissue with the swelling of lips, eyelids, palms, soles and genitalia?

A

Angioedema

27
Q

True or False

Angioedema, like urticaria is allergen mediated and often associated with a food allergy

A

true

28
Q

Is urticaria apart of angioedema?

A

no urticaria is not apart of the syndrome and lesions are not pruritic

29
Q

True or False

Laryngeal angioedema can be life threatening during a classic anaphylaxis reaction

A

TRUE GIVE EPI

30
Q

These are all triggers for what?

  • NSAIDS
  • ACE Inhibitors
  • Estrogens
  • ASA
  • CCB’s
  • Amiodarone
A

Angioedema

31
Q

What is known as a multisystem autoimmune disease?

A

Lupus

32
Q

What is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies to nuclear antigens, it can affect multiple organ systems?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

33
Q

Many clinical manifestations of what are secondary to the trapping of antigen antibody complexes in capillaries of visceral structures or to autoantibody-mediated destruction of host cells?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

34
Q

The clinical course of SLE is marked by what?

A

spontaneous remission and relapses

35
Q

Who does SLE occur mainly in?

A

mainly in young women, 85%

36
Q

What percentage of patients with SLE have joint symptoms?

A

90%

37
Q

What is one classic presentation for SLE?

A

the characteristic “butterfly” (malar) rash

38
Q

True or False

SLE

The pericardium is affected in the majority of patients. Heart failure may result from myocarditis and hypertension. Cardiac arrhythmias are common.

A

True

Class 22010 Hematologic, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems (5 decks)

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