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IDC School > Clinical Care - Eyes > Flashcards

Clinical Care - Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior Blepharitis may be bacterial infection, particularly due to what?

A
  • Staphylococci
  • Acne Rosacea
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2
Q

What jas “redrimmed” granulations?

A

Anterior Blepharitis

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3
Q

What results from inflammation of the Meibomian Glands?

A

Posterior Blepharitis

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4
Q

What diagnosis may be ulcerative or srborrheic?

A

Anterior Blepharitis

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5
Q

What is defined as the lid margin frequently rolled inward?

A

Entropion

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6
Q

Initial treatment of Blepharitis?

A

Scrub eyelid margins twice daily with commercial eyelid scrub (Ocusoft) or baby shampoo on a washcloth.

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7
Q

After scrubbing/washing the eye with a washcloth, what treatment would be performed next when treating Blepharitis?

A

Warm compress 10-15 minutes 1-2x/day

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8
Q

What antistaphylococcal antibiotic is used in the treatment for Blepharitis?

A

Bacitracin

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9
Q

What long-term treatment is used for Blepharitis?

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Erythromycin (Ery-tab)
  • Azithromycin
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10
Q

What is an acute infection that usually involves Staphylococcus and is painful?

A

Hordeolum

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11
Q

What is an abscess of the gland of Zeis?

A

External Hordeolum

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12
Q

What is an abscess of the meibomian gland?

A

Internal Hordeolum

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13
Q

What is a chronic focal granulomatous inflammation within the eyelid secondary to the obstruction of a meibomian gland or gland of Zeis?

A

Chalazion

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14
Q

What presents with localized eyelid tenderness, swelling, erythema, and “pointing” of a mucopurulent material?

A

Hordeolum

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15
Q

What diagnosis is associated with Blepharitis or Acne Rosacea?

A

Hordeolum

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16
Q

What diagnosis has a hard and nontender nodule on the eyelid?

A

Chalazion

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17
Q

Does the Hordeolum or Chalazion develop further back on the eyelid?

A

Chalazion

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18
Q

What can result from leaving makeup on overnight, using old or expired cosmetics, or has Blepharitis?

A

Hordeolum or Chalazion

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19
Q

Intial treatment for Hordeolum or Chalazion?

A

Warm compress x15 minutes four times a day

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20
Q

If there is a concern of a patient developing periorbital cellulitis, what treatment is warranted?

A
  • Antibiotic treatment
  • Bactrim
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21
Q

What is the initial care of a Hordeolum or Chalazion?

A

Warm compress x48 hours

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22
Q

When treating a Hordeolum or Chalazion. What is the next step of treatment if a warm compress does not improve symptoms?

A

Antibiotic ointment

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23
Q

What happens if after 48 hours of antibiotic ointment does not improve a sty?

A

Referral to Ophthalmology for I&D

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24
Q

What complication is present with Hordeolum or Chalazion?

A

Periorbital Cellulitis

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25
Q

What conjunctiva coats the INSIDE of the eyelids?

A

Palpebral

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26
Q

What conjunctiva protects the ANTERIOR surface (except the cornea)?

A

Bulbar (or ocular)

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27
Q

Is there vision loss with Conjunctivitis?

A

No

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28
Q

What is the most common cause of VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS?

A

Adenovirus

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29
Q

What type of Conjunctivitis is bilateral?

A

Allergic

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30
Q

What type of Conjunctivitis is unilateral?

A

Bacterial (nongonococcal)

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31
Q

What are some common causes of Bacterial Conjunctivitis (nongonococcal)?

A
  • Staphylococcus Aureus
  • Staphylococcus Epidermidis
  • Moraxella Catarrhalis
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32
Q

What is usually acquired through contact with infected genital secretions?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Gonococcal)

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33
Q

What type of Conjunctivitis is an ophthalmologic emergency because it may rapidly lead to perforation?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Gonococcal)

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34
Q

What presents with itching, burning, tearing, gritty or foreign body sensation; Hx of recent URI?

A

Viral Conjunctivitis

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35
Q

What presents with itching and WATERY DISCHARGE?

A

Allergic Conjunctivitis

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36
Q

What diagnosis has signs of chemosis (swollen conjunctiva)?

A

Allergic Conjunctivitis

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37
Q

What presents with discharge and complaints of having to wipe purulent exudate in the morning

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Nongonococcal)

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38
Q

What has the critical signs of a purulent white-yellow discharge?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Nongonococcal)

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39
Q

What has the critical signs of severe purulent discharge and a hyperacute onset typically within 12-24 hours?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Gonococcal)

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40
Q

What differential diagnoses are associated with Conjunctivitis?

A
  • Acute uveitis
  • Foreign Body
  • Chlamydial Keratoconjunctivitis
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41
Q

How do you treat MILD VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS?

A

ARTIFICIAL TEARS

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42
Q

How do you treat MODERATE VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS?

A

EPINASTINE (elestat)

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43
Q

What is the first thing you do for SEVERE VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS?

A

Consult ophthalmology BEFORE giving steroids.

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44
Q

What is the treatment for MILD ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS?

A

Artificial tears

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45
Q

What is the treatment for MODERATE ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS?

A

Antihistamine

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46
Q

What is the treatment for BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (non-contact AND non-gonococcal)?

A

Erythromycin

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47
Q

What is the treatment for BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (non-gonococcal) for a topical antibiotic?

A

Trimethoprim

48
Q

What is the treatment for BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS contact wearers (non-gonococcal)?

A

Ciproflaxacin

49
Q

What is the treatment for associated dacryocystitis using system antibiotics?

A
  • Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
  • Cephalexin
50
Q

What is the treatment for BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (gonococcal)?

A

Ceftriaxone PLUS Azithromycin

51
Q

What is used if a patient being treated for BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (gonococcal) has a penicilin/cephalosporin allergy?

A

Gentamicin

52
Q

There’s a high risk of developing what ?with BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (gonococcal)

A

Corneal perforation

53
Q

A cool compress is the initial care of what type of CONJUNCTIVITIS?

54
Q

What presents with red eye, foreign body sensation, is usually asymptomatic, and has blood often in one sector of the eye?

A

Conjunctival Hemorrhage

55
Q

What labs/studies are ordered for Conjunctival Hemorrhage?

A
  • Complete eye exam
  • Lab bleeding studies (if recurrent)
  • CT/MRI (IF ORBITAL SIGNS ARE PRESENT)
56
Q

What is the treatment for a Conjunctival Hemorrhage?

A
  • None required (clears spontaneously)
  • Artificial Tears (for irritation)
57
Q

What diagnosis is related to sunlight exposure, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress?

58
Q

What is a degeneration of fibrovascular, deep conjunctival layers resulting in vascular tissue proliferation?

59
Q

What presents with irritation, redness, descreased vision, and may be asymptomatic?

60
Q

What has the critical sign of a wing-shaped fold of fibrovascular tissue?

61
Q

What lab/studies are used for Pterygium?

62
Q

What is the treatment for Pterygium?

A
  • Protect eyes (UV blocking)
  • Artificial tears
63
Q

What is the treatment for MILD Pterygium?

A

Artificial tears

64
Q

What is the treatment for MODERATE to SEVERE Pterygium?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • NSAID
65
Q

When is a surgical removal indicated for Pterygium?

A
  • The Pterygium threatens the visual axis or induces significant astigmatism.
  • Prior to cataract or refractive surgery.
66
Q

How can a ocular foreign body present?

A

Superficially or Partially embedded

67
Q

What presents with the symptoms of a foreign body sensation, tearing, and a history of trauma?

A

Ocular Foreign Body

68
Q

What has the signs of a conjunctival injection, eyelid edema, mild AC reaction, and SPK?

A

Ocular Foreign Body

69
Q

What CRITICAL SIGN presents with Ocular Foreign Body?

70
Q

What may present with or without a “Rust Ring?”

A

Ocular Foreign Body

71
Q

What lab/study is performed for a Ocular Foreign Body after open globe is ruled out?

A

Fluorescein Staining

72
Q

What lab/studies are performed for Ocular Foreign Body?

A
  • History
  • Fluorescein Staining
  • Slit Lamp
  • Dilate + Examine
  • US or CT
73
Q

How should a Ocular Foreign Body be removed?

A
  • Saline Irrigation
  • Foreign Body Spud
  • Cotton-tipped Applicator
  • Fine Forceps
74
Q

What medication is used to treat Non-contact lens wearers with an Ocular Foreign Body?

A

Erythromycin

75
Q

What medication is used to treat Contact lens wearers with an Ocular Foreign Body?

A
  • Ciprofloxacin (ointment or ophthalmic)
  • Artificial Tears
76
Q

What is the next step if unable to remove a foreign body with irrigation or swab?

A

Consult MO, Optometry, or Ophthalmology

77
Q

What SHOULD NOT be attempted when treatment Ocular Foreign Body?

A

Removal with a needle

78
Q

When can a contact lens wearer reutrn to wearing their contacts after being treated for Ocular Foreign Body?

A

After the eye feels normal for a week

79
Q

What is a complication of Ocular Foreign Body?

A

Corneal Ulcer

80
Q

What is the healing time for corneal abrasions?

A

24 to 48 hours

81
Q

What presents with severe pain, tearing, and photophobia?

A

Corneal Abrasion

82
Q

What may present with a history of trauma to the eye, commonly involving a foreign object (fingernail, piece of paper, or contact lens)?

A

Corneal Ulcer

83
Q

What labs/studies are performed for a Corneal Abrasion?

84
Q

What is the treatment for Non-Contact Lens Wearers with a Corneal Abrasion?

A
  • Antibiotic ointment (ERYTHROMYCIN)
  • Antibiotic drops
85
Q

What is the treatment for Contact Lens Wearers with a Corneal Abrasion?

A

Fluoroquinolone drops (CIPROFLOXACIN)

86
Q

What other treatment is performed for a Corneal Abrasion aside from antibiotics?

A
  • Topical (NSAID) drops
  • Pain Management (Tylenol +/or NSAIDS)
  • Debride loose or hanging epithelium
87
Q

What should a contact lens wearer with a Corneal Abrasion NOT DO?

A

Wear contacts for 1 week

88
Q

When should Non-Contact Lens Wearers follow up?

A

In 24 hours

89
Q

When can a patient with a Corneal Abrasion continue wearing their contacts?

A

After the eye feels normal for a week

90
Q

Corneal Ulcer is also known as what?

A

Infectious Keratitis

91
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for a Corneal Ulcer?

A

Improper contact lens use

92
Q

What are 3 types of causative organisms for a Corneal Ulcer?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Virus
  • Fungi
93
Q

What bacteria can cause a Corneal Ulcer?

A
  • Pseudomonas
  • Strep
  • Staph
  • Moraxella
94
Q

What virus can cause a Corneal Ulcer?

A
  • Herpes Simplex
  • Varicella Zoster
95
Q

What fungi can cause a Corneal Ulcer?

A
  • Penicillium
  • Cephalosporium
96
Q

What presents with erythema and edema of lids, conjunctivae, discharge, OCULAR PAIN or FOREIGN BODY SENSATION, PHOTOPHOBIA, and bluerred vision?

A

Corneal Ulcer

97
Q

What may present with decreased visual acuity, cornea that is round or ireggular opacity or infiltrate, and is central in location?

A

Corneal Ulcer

98
Q

What can a Corneal Ulcer present with in severe cases?

99
Q

What is a hypopyon?

A

A white and hazy base that is due to WBC infiltration

100
Q

What will a fluorescein stain reveal for a Corneal Ulcer?

A

Epithelial defects

101
Q

What topical antibiotic is used to treat a Corneal Ulcer?

A
  • Ciprofloxacin drops
  • Fluoroquinolone
102
Q

After giving topical antibiotics to a patient with a Corneal Ulcer, what is done next?

A
  • Refer to ophthalmologist within 12-24 hours
  • MEDEVAC
103
Q

What instructions are provided to a patient with a Corneal Ulcer?

A

Stop wearing contacts until cleared by optometry or ophthalmology

104
Q

What complication is present with a Corneal Ulcer?

A

Corneal Scarring / Perforation

105
Q

Aqueous Humor is completed replaced every how often?

A

90 minutes

106
Q

What is an accumulation of RBC’s within the anterior chamber?

107
Q

Where does a Hyphema occur?

A

Between the cornea and the iris

108
Q

What is the MOST COMMON risk factor for a Hyphema?

A
  • Trauma
  • Recent Ocular Surgery
109
Q

What would present with pain, light sensitivity, blurred clouded or blocked vision, and a history of blunt trauma?

110
Q

What has a differential of inflammatory / infectious hypehmia (herpetic uveitis)?

111
Q

What has a differential diagnosis of a ruptured globe and penetrating ocular injury?

112
Q

What lab/studies are performed for a patient diagnosed with a Hyphema?

A
  • Complete eye exam
  • CT scan
113
Q

What immediate action is taken for a patient with a Hyphema?

A

Referral to Ophthalmology or Optometry

114
Q

What is the treatment for a patient with a Hyphema after a consult has been placed?

A
  • Bed rest
  • RIGID SHIELD
  • Avoid anti platelet/coagulents
  • Mild analgesic (Tylenol)
115
Q

After a Hyphema patient has their initial follow-up, what may be used to maintain a long-acting treatment?

A

Cycloplegic agent (Atropine)

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