Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular System > Clinical Cardiac MI > Flashcards

Clinical Cardiac MI Flashcards

1
Q

MRI and CT scanning are relatively

A

recent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does a MR scanner work?

A
  • Very strong, superconducting magnet of 0.5-3T.
  • Radio-frequency coils transmit signals into patient, and energy the body absorbs is received by surface coils.
  • In a metal ‘faraday’ box to exclude internal RF (same as fm stations)
  • A computer is then used to reconstruct the images
  • ECG signal for cardiac imaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Super conducting Magnets

A

Enormous tube of iron

  • bathed in liquid helium
  • zero-electrical Resistance
  • Magnetic-field always on! only turned off when heated (dangerous)
  • Large refrigeration plants required
  • Emergency vent for He to boiled off
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Safety concerns.

A
  • Magnetic field strong enough to launch projectiles
  • Risk to electronic implants: pacemakers/defibrillators, cochlear implants
  • Metallic foreign bodies: eyes, pre-80s cerebral aneurysm clips.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Particular problems with cardiac imaging

A
  • Small fast-moving structures
  • Constant cardiac motion (gated images)
  • Resp motion
  • irregular cardiac rhythms (blurry heart)
  • Patients inability to co-operate
  • Claustrophobia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Simplest type of image to take?

A

Axial image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Calcium is

A

black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If patients don’t hold their breath, you get a

A

Blurry image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ventricular modeling

A

Take many images from different planes, and calculate volumes

green: endocardial surface
blue: epicardial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when intima pulls away from aorta

A

Most people 50% die. New channel, can pull away right the way down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

accumulate lipids in myocardial cells. liable sudden ventricular arrhythmias.

-Irregular crenulated ventricular lining.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibroma

A

Benign fibrous tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Delayed myocardial enhancement.

A

Give people contrast agents: Gd-contrast agents

  • Image 10-30mins later
  • how much GD depends on how much extracellular space is there, shows as white (normal should have very little!)

Used: in adult cardiology for MI and assessment of myocardial viability

Lesser Use: to assess cardiomyopathy and possible causes, degree of myocardial fibrosis, myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

angiography

A

3D image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coronary angiogram

A
  • Dye injected

- can see small arteries, outline =the lumen!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do we treat coronary artery disease?

A

Coronary Bypass

Take arteries/veins, attach one end to aorta and the other to coronary arteries

17
Q

Metal stents

A

Hold arteries open

18
Q

Vein vs arterial grafts

A

Vein grafts clot within 5-10 years, arterial grafts much better

19
Q

Balloon coronary angioplasty

A
  • Balloon dilation of an atheromatous stenosis
  • Requires extensive anticoagulant therapy (aspirin and heparin)
  • High risk of acute thrombosis at the angioplasty site
  • High risk of re-stenosis long-term, more scar tissue (~4-6months post procedure)
20
Q

Factors that promote restenosis

A
  • Multiple lesions treated
  • Lengthy lesions
  • diabetes increase risk by 3x
  • previous history of re-stenosis
21
Q

Now what is done more the ballon coronary angioplasty?

A

ballon with drug covered stent

22
Q

Coronary stents

A
  • Placed to ensure continued patency at site
  • Reduces re-stenosis effect and need for re-intervention
  • Still risk of acute thrombosis or restenosis.

Done with large antiplatelet drug to reduce thrombus + one month oral therapy

Many varieties

23
Q

Advantages of CT angiography

A

-Non-invasive, therefore cheap, and lower risk

  • Images both vessel wall and lumen
  • More pleasant for patient
  • Visualised other thoracic pathology.
  • Lower radiation and contrast load
  • Non-specific so can be used for whatever
24
Q

Disadvantages of CT angiography

A
  • Need regular slow cardiac rhythm, (doesn’t work with atrial fibrillation)
  • Required patient co-op
  • problems with heavily calcified vessels
  • More difficult to interpret
25
Q

Plaque in coronary artery

A

White calcified plaque with lipid out line

Cardiovascular System (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions